asap irrigation installation and repairs

ASAP IRRIGATION REPAIRS AND NEW INSTALLATION SYSTEMS

ASAP DRAINAGE CONTROL AND PUMPING SYSTEMS

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Gainesville, Florida Alachua County 352-335-8555

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Starke, Florida Bradford County (386) 755-5727

Lake Butler, Florida Union County (386) 755-5727

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Irrigation System Repair
Sprinkler Repair
Irrigation Installation

Growing and maintaining a beautiful lawn in Jacksonville requires a well-tuned irrigation or sprinkler system. Without one, you will spend hours each week dragging a hose around the yard. If you have a sprinkler system, but it is old or in need of repair, you will waste water and money, and still have a dried up or patchy yard. To maintain a pretty green lawn, you need a good irrigation system, in working order, and a top-notch maintenance company to call when trouble hits.
What can go Wrong with Your Sprinkler System

Irrigation systems are notoriously finicky and difficult to manage. From homeowner lawns to giant commercial irrigation systems, any number of things can happen that will derail the operation and necessitate irrigation system repair.
Potential Problems

Popup spray heads cease to pop up
Rotary spray heads cease to rotate
Nozzles and small tubing clogs with dirt or other debris
Spray heads are run over with the lawnmower or kicked
A power failure re-sets the system incorrectly
A contractor cuts through a pipe
Spray heads spring leaks
Tubing becomes kinked
Valves leak
Filter screens become clogged

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Call one of our offices listed below

Gainesville, Florida Alachua County 352-335-8555

Ocala, Florida Marion County (352) 732-6060

Starke, Florida Bradford County (386) 755-5727

Lake Butler, Florida Union County (386) 755-5727

Bronson, Florida Levy County (352) 493-2026

Cross City, Florida Dixie County (352) 542-1412
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Trenton, Florida Gilcrest County (352) 493-2026
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Gainesville is a city in Alachua County, Florida, United States. It is the county seat and the largest city in Alachua County.[5] Gainesville is also home to the University of Florida, which is one of the largest universities in the United States.[6] Santa Fe College is also located in Gainesville.

The University of Florida estimated that the city’s population was 124,491 in 2008.[7] The Gainesville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), which includes Alachua and Gilchrist Counties, has a population of 258,555, according to 2008 Census Bureau estimates.[8] The Gainesville MSA was ranked as the #1 place to live in the 2007 edition of Cities Ranked and Rated.[9] Gainesville was also ranked as one of the “best places to live and play” in 2007 by National Geographic Adventure

The Gainesville area has been inhabited for thousands of years. Its earliest residents were Native Americans; by around 700 AD it was inhabited by the people of the Alachua culture. In the recorded period, the region was home to the Potano, a Timucua chiefdom. Spanish colonists began cattle ranching in the Payne’s Prairie area using Timucua labor and the largest ranch became known as La Chua (which combines the Spanish article La with the Timucuan word Chua, meaning sinkhole). Though the ranch was eventually destroyed by raiders from the Province of Carolina and their Indian allies, it nevertheless gave its name to the Alachua band of the Seminole tribe who settled in the region in the 18th century under the leadership of the great chief Ahaya the Cowkeeper.

The modern city of Gainesville was founded to place the Alachua County seat on the proposed route of the Florida Railroad Company’s line stretching from Cedar Key to Fernandina Beach. County residents decided to move the county seat from Newnansville (and chose the name Gainesville) in 1853, as the proposed railroad would bypass Newnansville. A site on Black Oak Ridge where the railroad was expected to cross it was selected in 1854 and a courthouse was constructed there in 1856. The new settlement was named for General Edmund P. Gaines, commander of U.S. Army troops in Florida early in the Second Seminole War. The railroad was completed from Fernandina to Gainesville in 1859, passing six blocks south of the courthouse.[11]

Gainesville was the scene of small-scale fighting in the Civil War. On February 14, 1864, a skirmish erupted when about 50 Union troops entered the city intending to capture two trains. A portion of the Second Florida Cavalry unsuccessfully attempted to repulse this raid and was itself defeated in a street battle. The raiding party was associated with a larger invasion of Florida that was defeated at the Battle of Olustee six days later. Later that year, the Battle of Gainesville took place on August 17, 1864. 300 Union troops occupying the city were attacked by the Florida Cavalry. The Federals were driven out of town and suffered significant casualties.

For several months following the civil war, the 3rd United States Colored Troops were stationed in Gainesville, which encouraged freed men to settle there. Black residents soon outnumbered whites in Gainesville, which had had 223 white residents in 1860. The Union Academy was established in 1866 by the Freedmen’s Bureau to educate freed slaves. By 1898 the school served 500 students, and continued in operation until 1929. Gainesville was incorporated in 1869. A church building shared by itinerant preachers of several denominations had been built in 1859, but formal organization of churches in Gainesville came in the 1860s and 1870s.[12]

Following the civil war, the city prospered as a major citrus growing center, with direct rail access to ports on the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico. However, this prosperity ended when the great freezes of 1894–95 and 1899 destroyed the entire crops, and citrus growing moved permanently south to the Orlando area. Other attempts to replace this lost industry included phosphate mining, turpentine production and tung oil, each of which met with only moderate success.

Gainesville experienced many changes when the University of Florida was created by the Florida Legislature in 1905. Led by its mayor, William Reuben Thomas, Gainesville beat out other cities who saw their colleges close, such as Lake City and Bartow and became home to the new university. The city had the foresight to construct a modern municipal water, sewer and electric system, and was able to offer these services to a new university location for free. A site was selected at a location then considered about a mile west of town. The first classes were held at Buckman Hall in the fall of 1906.

Over the past century, the university has brought the town a youthful population, cultural diversity and opportunities, and world-class medical facilities. The sports drink Gatorade was invented in Gainesville as a means of refreshing the UF football team and UF still receives a share of the profits from the beverage. However, Gatorade’s headquarters are now located in Chicago, Illinois.

In April 2003, Gainesville became known as the healthiest community in the United States when it achieved the only “Gold Well City” award given by the Wellness Councils of America (WELCOA).[13] Headed up by Gainesville Health & Fitness Centers, and with the support of Shands HealthCare and the Gainesville-area Chamber of Commerce, 21 businesses comprising 60 percent of the city’s workforce became involved in the “Gold Well City” effort. As of March 2008, Gainesville remained the only city in the country to reach the ach
Geography and climate

Gainesville is located at 29°39′55″ North, 82°20′10″ West (29.665245, -82.336097),[14] which is roughly the same latitude as Houston, Texas. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 49.1 square miles (127 km2), of which 48.2 square miles (125 km2) is land and 0.9 square miles (2 km2) is water. The total area is 1.87% water.

Gainesville’s tree canopy is both dense and species rich, including broadleaf evergreens, conifers, and deciduous species; the city has been recognized by the Arbor Day Foundation every year since 1982 as a “Tree City, USA”.

Gainesville is the only city with more than 10,000 residents in either Alachua or Gilchrist County (the two counties in the Gainesville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area), and it is surrounded by rural area, including the 21,000-acre (85 km2) wilderness of Paynes Prairie on its southern edge. The city is characterized by its medium size, central location, about 90 minutes driving time away from Jacksonville and Orlando, and five hours from both Atlanta, Georgia and Miami. The area is dominated by the presence of the University of Florida, the nation’s third largest university.[15] Gainesville is also known historically and colloquially as “Hogtown” after a Seminole village by the same name located near what is now called Hogtown Creek.[16]
[edit] Climate

Gainesville’s climate is defined as humid subtropical. Due to its inland location, Gainesville experiences wide temperature fluctuation for Florida. During the summer season, roughly from June 1 to September 30, the city’s climate is the same as the rest of the state, with frequent downpours and high humidity. Temperatures range from the low 70s at night to around 90 °F (32 °C) during the day on average.[17] From early-October through late May, however, the Gainesville area has a climate distinct from peninsular Florida with occasional freezing temperatures at night and sustained freezes occurring every few years. The all time record low of 10 °F (-12 °C) was reached on January 21, 1985,[18] and the city was struck by a substantial snow and ice storm on Christmas Eve, 1989. In winter, highs average between 66 and 69 °F (19–21 °C), and lows average between 42 and 45 °F (6–7 °C).[17] In average winters, Gainesville will see temperatures drop below 30 °F (-1 °C).[19] Low temperatures between 15 and 20°F (-10 – -7 °C) are not unheard of, and occur 3 to 4 times per decade on average. In Gainesville, cold temperatures are almost always accompanied by clear skies and high pressure systems; snow is therefore rare.

The city’s flora and fauna are also distinct from coastal regions of the state, and include many deciduous species, such as dogwood, maple, hickory and sweet gum, alongside palms, live oaks, and other evergreens. Thus, the city enjoys brief periods of fall color in late November and December (though hardly comparable to areas further north) and a noticeable and prolonged spring from late February through early April. This is a generally pleasant period, as colorful blooms of azalea and redbud complement a cloudless blue sky, for this is also the period of low precipitation and lowest humidity. The city averages 48.36 inches (1,228 mm) of precipitation per year. Summer is the wettest season, with 19.51 inches (496 mm), while fall is the driest season, with only 9.04 inches (230 mm) of precipitation.[17]

Suburban sprawl has, as of late, become a concern for the city commissioners. However, the “New Urbanization” plan to gentrify the area between historic Downtown and the University of Florida may slow the growth of suburban sectors and spark a migration toward upper-level apartments in the inner city. The area immediately north of the University of Florida is also seeing active redevelopment.

The east side of Gainesville houses the majority of the African-American community within the city, while the west side consists of the mainly white student and resident population. There are also large-scale planned communities on the far west side, most notably Haile Plantation, which was built on the site of a former plantation.

The destruction of the city’s landmark Victorian courthouse in the 1960s, which some considered unnecessary, brought the idea of historic preservation to the attention of the community. The bland county building which replaced the grand courthouse became known to some locals as the “air conditioner.” Additional destruction of other historic buildings in the downtown followed. Only a small handful of older buildings are left, like the Hippodrome State Theatre, at one time a Federal building. Revitalization of the city’s core has picked up, and many parking lots and underutilized buildings are being replaced with infill development and near-campus housing which blend in with existing historic structures. There is a proposal to rebuild a replica of the old courthouse on a parking lot one block from the original location.

Helping in this effort are the number of areas and buildings which have been added to the National Register of Historic Places. Dozens of examples of restored Victorian and Queen Anne style residences constructed in the city’s agricultural heyday of the 1880s and 1890s can be found in the following districts:

Northeast Gainesville Residential District
Southeast Gainesville Residential District
Pleasant Street Historic District

Historic structures on the Register in and around downtown are:

Bailey Plantation House (1854)
Colson House is a Neoclassical Victorian which was occupied by the family of Dr. James Colson for more than 70 years (1905)
Matheson Center Home (1867)
Thomas Hotel (1919)
The Old Post Office (now the Hippodrome State Theatre) (1913)
Masonic Temple (1913)
Seagle Building (1937), eleven stories, downtown’s only “skyscraper.”
Baird Hardware Company Warehouse (1910)
Cox Furniture Store (1887)
Cox Furniture Warehouse (c. 1890)
Epworth Hall (1884)
Old Gainesville Depot (1850s)
Mary Phifer McKenzie House (1895)
Star Garage (1903)

As of the census[3] of 2000, there are 95,447 people living within the city limits, 37,279 households, and 18,341 families residing in the city. The population of the metropolitan area as of the census[3] of 2000 was 217,955. The population density is 1,981.0/mi² (764.9/km²). There are 40,105 housing units at an average density of 832.4/mi² (321.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city is 68.36% White, 23.24% African American, 0.25% Native American, 4.49% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 1.46% from other races, and 2.18% from two or more races. 6.40% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There are 37,279 households out of which 22.3% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.5% are married couples living together, 13.3% have a female householder with no husband present, and 50.8% are non-families. 32.6% of all households are made up of individuals and 7.9% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.25 and the average family size is 2.90.

In the city the population is spread out with 17.8% under the age of 18, 29.4% from 18 to 24, 26.7% from 25 to 44, 16.4% from 45 to 64, and 9.8% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 26 years. For every 100 females there are 95.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 94.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city is $28,164, and the median income for a family is $44,263. Males have a median income of $31,090 versus $25,653 for females. The per capita income for the city is $16,779. 26.7% of the population and 15.3% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 24.7% of those under the age of 18 and 9.5% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line, making Gainesville one of the poorest cities with a large public university.[22]

Numerous guides such as the 2004 book Cities Ranked and Rated: More than 400 Metropolitan Areas Evaluated in the U.S. and Canada have mentioned Gainesville’s low cost of living. The restaurants near the University of Florida also tend to be inexpensive. The property taxes are high to offset the cost of the university, as the university’s land is tax-exempt. However, the median home cost remains slightly below the national average, and Gainesville residents, like all Floridians, do not pay state income taxes.

This city’s job market scored only 6 points out of a possible 100 in the Cities Ranked and Rated guide, as the downside to the low cost of living is an extremely weak local job market that is oversupplied with college-educated residents. The University of Florida, the Shands Healthcare system (a private-public-university partnership), and the city government are the largest employers in the city, although other large employers include Nationwide Insurance and CH2M Hill. The median income in Gainesville is slightly below the U.S. average.

The city of Gainesville promotes solar power by allowing small businesses and homeowners to supply electricity into the municipal power grid under favorable tariff. Presently purchasing rate is set at $0.32 per kilowatt-hour. [23]

All of the Gainesville urban area is served by Alachua County Public Schools, which has some 75 different institutions in the county, most of which are in the Gainesville area. Gainesville is also home to the University of Florida and Santa Fe College. The University of Florida is a major financial boost to the community, and hundreds of thousands of dollars in additional revenues are created by the athletic events that occur at UF, including SEC football games. In all the University of Florida contributes nearly $6 billion annually to Florida’s economy and is responsible for nearly 75,000 jobs.

Other educational institutions include: City College (Gainesville campus), P.K. Yonge Developmental Research School, Buchholz High School, Gainesville High School, Eastside High School, Oak Hall School, Loften High School, and Saint Francis Catholic High School.

The Alachua County Library District provides public library service to a county-wide population of approximately 190,655. The Library District has reciprocal borrowing agreements with the surrounding counties of Baker, Bradford, Clay, Columbia, Dixie, Gilchrist, Lafayette, Levy, Marion, Putnam, and Union. These agreements are designed to facilitate access to the most conveniently located library facility regardless of an individual’s county of residence.

Gainesville has an extensive road system, which is served by Interstate 75, and several Florida State Routes, including State routes 20, 24, and 26, among others. Gainesville is also served by US 441 and nearby US 301, which gives a direct route to Jacksonville, Ocala, and Orlando.

The city’s streets are set up on a grid system with four quadrants (NW, NE, SW and SE). All streets are numbered, except for a few major thoroughfares which are often named for the towns to which they lead (such as Waldo Road (SR 24), Hawthorne Road (SR 20), Williston Road (SR 121), Archer Road (also SR 24) and Newberry Road (SR 26). Streets ending in the suffixes Avenue, Place, Road or Lane (often remembered by use of the acronym “APRiL”) run generally east-west, while all other streets run generally north-south.

Amtrak shuttle buses re-connect with the rail system further south. Full Amtrak service is available at Palatka, 32 miles (51 km) to the east.

In addition to its extensive road network, Gainesville is also served by Gainesville Regional Transit System, or RTS, which is the fourth largest mass transit system in the state. The area is also served by Gainesville Regional Airport in the northeast part of the city, with daily service to Atlanta and Charlotte.

According to the 2000 Census, 5.25 percent of Gainesville residents commute to work by bike, among the highest figures in the nation for a major population center.

Gainesville is also known as a supporter of the visual arts. Each year, two large art festivals attract artists and visitors from all over the southeastern United States. The Spring Arts Festival is hosted each year, usually in early April, by Santa Fe College (formerly Santa Fe Community College). The Downtown Festival and Art Show is hosted each fall by the City of Gainesville.

Cultural facilities include the Florida Museum of Natural History, Harn Museum of Art, the Hippodrome State Theatre, Curtis M. Phillips Center for the Performing Arts, and The Civic Media Center. Smaller theaters include the Acrosstown Repertory Theatre (ART) and the Gainesville Community Playhouse (GCP). GCP is the oldest community theater group in Florida; in 2006, it christened a new theater building.[24]

The presence of a major university enhances the city’s opportunities for cultural lifestyles. The University of Florida College of Fine Arts is the umbrella college for the School of Music, School of Theatre and Dance, School of Art and Art History, and a number of other programs and centers including The University Galleries, the Center for World Art, and Digital Worlds. Collectively, the College offers many performance events and artist/lecture opportunities for students and the greater Gainesville community, the majority of which are offered at little or no cost.

Since 1989, Gainesville has been home to Theatre Strike Force, the University of Florida’s premier improv troupe. In addition Gainesville also plays host to several sketch comedy troupes and stand-up comedians.

The city was the center of the Gainesville Eight case in the 1970s.[25] It is known to some as the Berkeley of the South. This nickname was probably afforded to Gainesville because of the presence of a relatively prestigious university, and the liberal tendencies of its voting base. The counties surrounding Alachua County vote strongly Republican, while Alachua County votes strongly Democratic.[26] In the 2008 election, there was a 22% gap in votes in Alachua county between Barack Obama and John McCain, while the remaining eleven candidates on the ballot and write-in votes received approximately 1.46% of the vote.[27]

The National Coalition for the Homeless cited Gainesville in 2004 as the 5th meanest city for their criminalization of homelessness.[28] The city of Gainesville has a number of ordinances that target the homeless, including an anti-panhandling measure, restrictions on groups that give free meals, and a measure making it illegal to sleep outside on public property. In response, the Gainesville City Commission wrote a 10 Year Plan to End Homelessness.[29]

Gainesville is renowned in the recreational drug culture for “Gainesville Green”, a particularly potent strain of marijuana. Orange and Blue magazine published a full-length article in Fall of 2003 about the history of Gainesville Green and the local marijuana culture in general.[30] In the mid-1990s, there were several Gainesville Hemp Festivals which took place outside of the Alachua county courthouse.

The North Central Florida area in which Gainesville is located is known to natives as the “end of The South”. This is most likely due to the fact that south of Alachua County there are fewer native Floridians (and effectively native Southerners) and the sprawling development that defines South and Central Florida begins.

34th Street Wall
Ben Hill Griffin Stadium at Florida Field
Civic Media Center
The Devil’s Millhopper
Florida Museum of Natural History (including the Butterfly Rainforest exhibit)
Gainesville Raceway NHRA Drag Racing
Haile Homestead
Harn Museum of Art
Kanapaha Botanical Gardens
Lake Alice
Newnan’s Lake
Paynes Prairie
San Felasco Hammock Preserve State Park
Santa Fe College Teaching Zoo
Stephen C. O’Connell Center
William Reuben Thomas Center

Gainesville maintains sister city relationships with four cities in three separate arrangements:[39]

Novorossiisk, Russia (since 1982)
Kfar Saba, Israel (since 1998)
Qalqilya, Palestinian Territories (since 1998)
Duhok, Kurdistan, Iraq (since 2006)

Gainesville is the largest city and county seat of Alachua County. It serves as the cultural, educational and commercial center for the north central Florida region. The city provides a full range of municipal services, including police and fire protection; comprehensive land use planning and zoning services; code enforcement and neighborhood improvement; streets and drainage construction and maintenance; traffic engineering services; refuse and recycling services through a franchised operator; recreation and parks; cultural and nature services; and necessary administrative services to support these activities. Additionally, the city owns a regional transit system, a municipal airport, a 72-par championship golf course and a utility.

Gainesville is home to Florida’s largest and oldest university, and is one of the state’s centers of education, medicine, cultural events and athletics. The University of Florida and Shands Hospital at UF are the leading employers in Gainesville and provide jobs for many residents of surrounding counties. Known for its preservation of historic buildings and the beauty of its natural surroundings, Gainesville’s numerous parks, museums and lakes provide entertainment to thousands of visitors. Because of its beautiful landscape and urban “forest,” Gainesville is one of the most attractive cities in Florida.

Area: approximately 62 square miles Climate: Mild winters, warm summers, 255-day growing season
Average of 2,800 hours of sunshine annually
January average high temperature: 65 F
June average high temperature: 89 F
Average rainfall is 35 inches per year.
The area basks in Gulf breezes that make summer days warm and nights cool, and produce dry and mild winters.
The Weather Channel CNN Weather National Weather Service (Jacksonville) Population: 130,898 (255,692 countywide) estimated as of April 2010 by the BEBR (updated 9/14/10) Median Age: 27 Households: 87,509 Median Household Income: $31,426 Taxes:* 6.25% retail sales tax (food and medicine exempt)
Additional half-cent sales tax for Wild Spaces-Public Places (sunsets at the end of 2010)
Homestead Exemption – $25,000
No state personal income tax
No state inheritance tax
No franchise tax
No inventory tax Industry: Variable from agricultural to manufacturing, academic research, health care, corporate infrastructure, many small/minority business enterprises Location: On the I-75 corridor halfway between Atlanta and Miami Cities: (within a 2-hour drive) Jacksonville, Ocala, Lake City, Orlando, Tallahassee, Tampa, St. Augustine, Cedar Key, Live Oak Beaches: (within 75 miles) The Atlantic Ocean or Gulf of Mexico Theme Parks: (within a 2-hour drive) Disney World, Universal Studios, and Busch Gardens Home of: The University of Florida, The Gainesville Raceway and The Gatornationals (NHRA) Famous Residents: (past and present) Bo Didley, Tom Petty, Don Felder, Bernie Leadon, River Phoenix, Malcolm Gets, Harry Crews, Marty Liquori, Gabriel Schwartzman, Peter Taylor, Mary McCauley, Joe Haldeman, Bob Vila, Maya Rudolph Notable Firsts: Gatorade (first sports drink) Typical Cuisine: Pizza, BBQ, seafood, chicken wings, vegetarian dishes, and many ethnic choices

Title: DICKISON AND HIS MEN / JEFFERSON DAVIS’ BAGGAGE
Location:S.R. 24. in Waldo on front of caboose in City Park
County: Alachua
City: Waldo
Description: John Jackson Dickison (1816-1902), Florida’s famous Civil War guerrilla leader, bivouacked at Camp Baker, south of here, during the closing weeks of the conflict. Dickison and his men became legendary figures. As Company H, Second Florida Cavalry, they engaged in skirmishes, raids, battles, scouting expeditions, and forced marches from the time of organization at Flotard’s Pond, Marion County, in 1862, until the force was mustered out at Waldo on May 20, 1865. JEFFERSON DAVIS’ BAGGAGE On June 15, 1865, a detachment of Union soldiers under Captain O.E. Bryant seized personal baggage belonging to Confederate President Jefferson Davis and some of the Confederate government’s records in a house near this site. The trunks and papers were hidden first at Senator David Levy Yulee’s plantation, “Cottonwood” between Archer and Gainesville. The baggage was moved to Waldo and placed in care of the railroad agent.
Sponsors: Florida Board of Parks and Historic Memorials In Cooperation With Seaboard Air Line Railroad Company

Title: CITY OF GAINESVILLE
Location:between 1st St.NE & 3rd St.NE at Municipal Bldg on
County: Alachua
City: Gainesville
Description: Designated the County Seat in 1854, and incorporated as a City in 1869, Gainesville takes its name from General Edmund Gaines, captor of Aaron Burr and commander of U.S. Army troops in Florida during the Second Seminole War. The town was the fourth Alachua County Seat of government. The University of Florida and its educational predecessors have been located in Gainesville since the 1850’s.
Sponsors: Florida Board of Parks and Historic Memorials

Title: FIRST GAINESVILLE SKIRMISH / BATTLE OF GAINESVILLE
Location:between 1st St.NE & 3rd St.NE at Municipal Bldg on
County: Alachua
City: Gainesville
Description: The first Civil War gunfire in Gainesville’s streets came onFebruary 15, 1864, when a raiding party of 50 men from the 40th Massachusetts Cavalry entered the City to attempt the capture of two trains. The raid was unproductive, for the Federal troops were met and repulsed by the Second Florida Cavalry at what is now Main Street at University Avenue. Five days later, the main Federal force was defeated at the battle of Olustee, 50 miles to the north. BATTLE OF GAINESVILLE A Civil War battle was fought in Gainesville on August 17, 1864, when about 300 occupying Federal Troops were attacked by Florida Cavalry under Captain J.J. Dickison, called “Florida’s most conspicuous soldier.” The Federals were driven from the City after a brisk fight and suffered sever casualties during hard pursuit, which ended in victory for the Confederate force.
Sponsors: Florida Board of Parks and Historic Memorials

Title: SPANISH CATTLE RANCHING
Location: S.R. 24.
County: Alachua
City: Gainesville
Description: Present-day Gainesville was the center of a large Spanish cattle ranching industry, founded on the labor of native Timuqua Indians, during the 1600s. LaChua, largest of the ranches, was a Spanish corruption of an Indian word, and in turn was corrupted into “Alachua County.” English raids destroyed the Indian civilization and Spanish ranches, although large wild herds of cattle were not uncommon during Seminole War years (1835-1842).
Sponsors: Florida Board of Parks and Historic Memorials

Title: EAST FLORIDA SEMINARY
Location:between 1st St.NE & 3rd St.NE at Municipal Bldg on
County: Alachua
City: Gainesville
Description: Founded as the Gainesville Academy before the Civil War and later renamed, the East Florida Seminary served Gainesville’s need for higher education until the University of Florida was created bythe Florida Legislature in 1905. The Seminary school building, erected after an earlier structure burned in 1833, was converted to use as a fellowship hall by the First Methodist Church, at 419 N.E. 1st Avenue.
Sponsors: Florida Board of Parks and Historic Memorials

Title: ALACHUA COUNTY COURTHOUSE
Location:corner of Main (SR 329) & SE 1st St.
County: Alachua
City: Gainesville
Description: The Alachua County Commission, by authority of the Florida Legislature, selected this site for a courthouse in 1854, moving the county seat from Newnansville. The first courthouse was a frame building completed in 1856. It was demolished on the completion of a red brick courthouse in 1886. The current building, completed in 1958, and its 1962 addition, were erected in response to the continuing expansion of governmental needs in Alachua County.
Sponsors: Erected by Alachua County Historical Commission Authorized by the Board of County Commissioners In Cooperation With Department of State

Title: FORT CLARKE
Location:W. of city on S.R. 26, on grounds of Ft. Clark Chu
County: Alachua
City: Gainesville
Description: Near this site was located Fort Clarke, originally a U.S. Army post during the Seminole War, and afterwards a settlement. The name is preserved in nearby Fort Clarke Church. At this site crossed the early settlement and military road connecting the old county seats at Newnansville (near present-day Alachua) and Spring Grove with Micanopy. Fort Clarke was named for a U.S. Army officer.
Sponsors: Sponsored by Alachua County Historical Commission, Authorized by The Board of County Commissioners In Cooperation With Department of State

Title: MICANOPY, FLORIDA
Location:C.R. 25A at N.E. Peach Ave. in front of gazebo.
County: Alachua
City: Micanopy
Description: A Timucua Indian village of the Potano tribe was located near here when the early Spanish Explorer Hernando De Soto led his expedition through the area in 1539. Botanist William Bartram visited Cuscawilla village nearby in 1774. The first permanent white settlement in what is now Alachua County, called Wanton, was started in 1821. Wanton Post Office was established in 1826; the name was changed to Micanopy in 1834. Fort Micanopy, also called Fort Defiance, stood near here during the Second Seminole War. Several skirmishes were fought nearby. The town was incorporated September 15, 1858.
Sponsors: Sponsored by Alachua County Historical Commission In Cooperation With Department of State

Title: ARCHER, FLORIDA
Location:Main Street at Alabama Street on City Hall grounds
County: Alachua
City: Archer
Description: When Europeans first arrived in this area in the 16th century, the inhabitants were Timucuan Indians. In 1774, traveling botanist William Bartram visited Seminole Indians nearby. In the 1850’s a town called Deer Hammock was established here, probably in anticipation of the construction of the Florida Railroad from Fernandina to Cedar Key. Upon completion of the railroad to Deer Hammock in 1859, the name of the town was changed in honor of James T. Archer, Florida’s Secretary of State 1845-49 and advocate of internal improvements. The Archer post office was established the same year. In May, 1865, the remnants of the Confederate treasury, removed from captured Richmond and conveyed by baggage train into Florida, were hidden at Cotton Wood, the Archer plantation of David Yulee, just prior to Union seizure at Waldo. In the contested presidential election of 1876, the votes of the Archer precinct for the Republican candidate were among those challenged but allowed to stand, thus securing the victory of Rutherford B. Hayes over Samuel J. Tilden. The town of Archer was incorporated in 1878. Among new arrivals in the 1880’s were Quakers who planted extensive orange groves using avenues of oaks as windbreaks. The freezes of 1886 and 1894-95 killed the orange trees, but the oaks survived to shade the city streets. Archer’s oldest surviving industry is the Maddox Foundry, established in 1905 by H. Maddox and operated by his descendants.
Sponsors: Sponsored by Alachua County Historical Commission In Cooperation With Department of State

Title: CITY OF ALACHUA
Location:U.S. 441.
County: Alachua
City: Alachua
Description: Upon completion to Gainesville of the Savannah, Florida and Western Railway in May 1884, citizens from the former county seat at Newnansville were among those who moved to the present site of Alachua which was near the railroad. The city is located in a productive farming area. The Bellamy Road, a national highway from St. Augustine to Pensacola authorized in 1824, originally passed near the northeast city boundary. The post office was established April 30, 1887. The city was incorporated April 12, 1905.
Sponsors: Sponsored by Alachua County Historical Commission In Cooperation With Department of State

Title: NEWBERRY, FLORIDA
Location:U.S. Highway 26.
County: Alachua
City: Newberry
Description: Only after about 1870 did phosphates become an important world industry. In Alachua County, phosphates were discovered late in the 1870’s, but as in other regions of Florida, the major developments in phosphate mining and processing began about 1889. The western part of Alachua County contained the major local deposits of rock phosphates Mines began to spring up after 1890, and by 1893, the Savannah, Florida, and Western Railway, already active in the area, extended its tracks southward from High Springs through the phosphate producing territory. As a result of the mining activity and the appearance of the railroad, a new settlement appeared. A post office was established on March 19, 1894, under the name of Newtown; on August 1, the name was changed to Newberry. Most probably the new name was intended to honor Newberry, South Carolina, as many people had moved to North Florida from that town in the nineteenth century. The town of Newberry was incorporated in 1895. Phosphates continued to be the area’s most important industry until the events of World War I reduced the market for the mineral. The region was later noted for its watermelon production and for other agricultural crops.
Sponsors: Sponsored by Alachua County Historical Commission In Cooperation With Department of State

Title: HAWTHORNE, FLORIDA
Location:North Johnson Street.
County: Alachua
City: Hawthorne
Description: In 1774, noted botanist William Bartram travelled across what is now the southeastern corner of Alachua County following an old Indian and trading trail. In Florida’s territorial period, English-speaking settlers used the same route as a frontier road. By 1840, another road form the north crossed that trail near present day Hawthorne. In 1848, Morrison had begun to operate a mill there on what Bartram had described as a “rapid brook.” A United States post office called Morrison’s Mills was established at that site in 1853 in order to serve the increasing population of the area. In 1879, the Peninsular Railroad was completed from Waldo to Ocala, bypassing Morrison’s Mills. In that year, a new town grew up nearer the railroad. This village was at first called Jamestown, but in 1880, the name was changed to Hawthorne. Both names were in honor of James M. Hawthorne, a local landowner. In 1881, the Florida Southern Railway was completed from Palatka to Gainesville, crossing the Peninsular Railroad at Hawthorne. In the 1880’s the community there was also known unofficially as Wait’s Crossing in reference to another family living in the area. In 1883, a stone quarry near Hawthorne became the site of Florida’s earliest phosphate mill. The mill was operated for two years by Dr. C. A. Simmons, who in 1879 had been the first person to recognize phosphate in Florida. However, the most important resources of the Hawthorne area have been its agricultural and forestry products such as sea island cotton and turpentine.
Sponsors: Sponsored by Alachua County Historical Commission In Cooperation With Department of State

Title: WALDO
Location:S.W. 5th Blvd.(east bound SR24) at S.W. 2nd Way in
County: Alachua
City: Waldo
Description: The first permanent English-speaking settlers came to the northeast portion of Alachua County in the 1820’s. In 1837, during the Second Seminole War, an army post, Fort Harlee, was established on the Santa Fe River about three miles north of this spot. Abandoned as a military installation in 1838, the settlement at Fort Harlee served as a postal center for the surrounding community until 1858. In that year a post office was established at a town being founded at the point where the Florida Railroad (then under construction) would cross the Bellamy Road. This new town was named Waldo in honor of Dr. Benjamin Waldo. The name was probably selected by David Levy Yulee, president of the Florida Railroad. By February 1, 1859, the Florida Railroad was completed through Waldo to Gainesville. The Peninsular Railroad, planned as early as 1859 to run from Waldo to Tampa, was completed to Ocala in 1881. Both roads were part of the Florida Transit Railway. Waldo had become an important rail junction and continued to be until the shops and headquarters were moved beginning in 1929. Another transportation link was established in 1879 when the Santa Fe Canal Company completed construction of two canals from Waldo to Melrose via Lake Alto and Lake Santa Fe. In the late 19th century the steamboat “F.S. Lewis” and later the “Alert” carried passengers and freight. Commercial use of the canals declined around 1920, but they continue to be used by pleasure craft. Waldo citizens met in 1876 and organized a municipal government. The town was incorporated August 1, 1907. Many settlers and tourists came to Waldo in the 1880’s, reflecting the growth of the citrus industry in North Florida. The freezes of 1886 and 1894-95 ruined the citrus groves in the Waldo area, but the region has remained an agriculturally productive one.
Sponsors: Sponsored by Alachua County Historical Commission In Cooperation With Department of State

Title: HIGH SPRINGS, FLORIDA
Location:U.S. Highway 27.
County: Alachua
City: High Springs
Description: The northwest region of Alachua County was probably first settled on a permanent basis by English speaking people during the late 1830’s. One of the earliest settlements `in the vicinity was a Crockett Springs, located about three miles east of present day High Springs. Settlers who were living there during the 1840’s included Fernando Underwood and Marshal Blanton. No town developed in the area before the latter part of the nineteenth century. In 1884, the Savannah, Florida, and Western Railroad was extended from Live Oak to Gainesville. A post office and station were established here in that year under the name of Stantaffey, which was a common spelling of the name of the nearby Santa Fe River. The town was also known unofficially as Orion before the name was changed in 1880 to High Springs. In the next few years, high Springs boomed as a result of the development of phosphate mining in the area. In 1892, the town was incorporated. During the next year, the Savannah, Florida, and Western Railroad completed its South Florida Division which connected High Springs with Port Tampa. By the beginning of the twentieth century, High Springs was known as an important railroad center. In later years, High Springs has been the focus for the surrounding agricultural region.
Sponsors: Sponsored by Alachua County Historical Commission In Cooperation With Department of State

Title: HAWTHORNE, FLORIDA
Location:Original location unknown, Possible location was i
County: Alachua
City: Hawthorne
Description: In 1774, noted botanist William Bartram travelled across what is now the southeastern corner of Alachua County following an old Indian and trading trail. In Florida’s territorial period, English-speaking settlers used the same route as a frontier road. By 1840, another road form the north crossed that trail near present day Hawthorne. In 1848, Morrison had begun to operate a mill there on what Bartram had described as a “rapid brook.” A United States post office called Morrison’s Mills was established at that site in 1853 in order to serve the increasing population of the area. In 1879, the Peninsular Railroad was completed from Waldo to Ocala, bypassing Morrison’s Mills. In that year, a new town grew up nearer the railroad. This village was at first called Jamestown, but in 1880, the name was changed to Hawthorne. Both names were in honor of James M. Hawthorn, a local landowner. In 1881, the Florida Southern Railway was completed from Palatka to Gainesville, crossing the Peninsular Railroad at Hawthorne. In the 1880’s the community there was also known unofficially as Wait’s Crossing in reference to another family living in the area. In 1883, a stone quarry near Hawthorne became the site of Florida’s earliest phosphate mill. The mill was operated for two years by Dr. C. A. Simmons, who in 1879 had been the first person to recognize phosphate in Florida. However, the most important resources of the Hawthorne area have been its agricultural and forestry products such as sea island cotton and turpentine.
Sponsors: Sponsored by Alachua County Historical Commission In Cooperation With Department of State

Title: HOGTOWN SETTLEMENT / FORT HOGTOWN
Location:in the public park on corner of 34th Street and 8t
County: Alachua
City: Gainesville
Description: Near this site was located Hogtown, one of the earliest settlements in Alachua County. It was originally an Indian village which in 1824 had fourteen inhabitants. Hogtown settlement is also mentioned in documents of the early nineteenth century which discuss land grants issued by the Spanish crown during the Second Spanish Period in Florida’s history (1783-1821). In the late 1820’s Hogtown became a white settlement as American pioneers occupied Indian land from which the Seminoles had been removed by the terms of the Treaty of Moultrie Creek. In 1854, the town of Gainesville was founded on a site located a few miles east of Hogtown. Fort Hogtown During the Second Seminole War (1835-42), a settler’s fort was built at the Hogtown settlement near this site. Shortly before the onset of that war, men from the Hogtown settlement and from Spring Grove, a community located about four miles to the west, organized a volunteer company of mounted riflemen, the Spring Grove Guards. Spring Grove was at that time the seat of justice in Alachua county (1832-1839). For several months, members of the Guards periodically paraded and patrolled the countryside to protect the inhabitants against Indians. The fort at Hogtown was one of more than a dozen Second Seminole War forts located in or near present-day Alachua County.
Sponsors: sponsored by alachua county historical commission in cooperation with department of state

Title: NEWNANSVILLE TOWN SITE
Location:north of town on S.R. 235.
County: Alachua
City: Alachua
Description: At the end of 1824, Alachua County was organized as a political unit of the new Territory of Florida. The Seminole inhabitants of the Alachua region had recently been ordered to a reservation, and land was available there for white settlers. Early in 1826, a post office was established in this area called “Dell’s P.O.” It derived its name from the Dell brothers, who had first visited the Alachua region during the “Patriot War” (1812-14) and had later returned to settle there. In 1828, the settlement near Dell’s P.O. was officially made the Alachua County seat and named “Newnansville” in honor of a Patriot War hero, Daniel Newnan. Newnansville became the junction of several important trails through frontier Florida. This marker stands on the site of the Bellamy Road, a cross-Florida route authorized by Congress in 1824 as the first federal road in the new territory. During the Second Seminole War (1835-42), hundreds of displaced refugee settlers were sheltered at Newnansville and also at Ft. Gilleland, a nearby military post built in 1836. After the hostilities were concluded, Newnansville prospered as a commercial center for the expanding Middle Florida frontier. The chief products of the area were corn, cotton, and after the Civil War, citrus. Except for a few years between 1832 and 1839, Newnansville served as the Alachua County seat until 1854. In that year, the political center of the county was moved to the new railroad town of Gainesville. During the next three decades, Newnansville slowly declined in population and importance. The community was dealt a final blow in 1884 when the Savannah, Florida and Western Railroad bypassed it. A new town, Alachua, grew up near that railroad. As the years passed, the residents of Newnansville moved there or elsewhere. By the 1970’s only a few traces remained of the former community. In 1974, the Newnansville Town Site was placed on the National Register of Historic Places as an historic district in recognition of the importance of that nineteenth century community.
Sponsors: sponsored by alachua county historical commission in cooperation with department of state

Title: LaCROSSE, FLORIDA
Location:near junction of S.R. 121 & S.R. 235. On grounds o
County: Alachua
City: LaCrosse
Description: The LaCrosse area was settled before the Civil War. Cotton was the chief crop. John Eli Futch was a cotton buyer who built a warehouse for cotton, a store to serve the growers, and his home near the store. This store became the first post office and Mrs. Futch named the town LaCrosse. The post office was established April 22, 1881, and the town incorporated December 17, 1897. Before the boll weevil ended the cotton era, LaCrosse had two cotton gins and grist mills. Naval stores was also a prominent industry until this activity ended in the 1940s. The town was a shipping point for potatoes for many years and had a large cooper’s shed which built barrels for shipping the potatoes by rail from a depot here. It is still an important farming area, producing corn, vegetables, tobacco and livestock.
Sponsors: sponsored by alachua county historical commission in cooperation with department of state

Title: THE BAILEY HOUSE
Location:on site at 1121 NW 6th Street
County: Alachua
City: Gainesville
Description: This is one of the oldest houses in the city of Gainesville. It was constructed about 1850 by Major James B. Bailey, a prominent citizen of Alachua County. Bailey was a leading proponent of moving the county seat away from Newnansville to a new place, later known as Gainesville, part of which was to be located on his own plantation. The Bailey House was entered in the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. Although it has been slightly altered during its existence, Major Bailey’s house survives as a good example of the Antebellum domestic architecture of this area.
Sponsors: sponsored by the bailey house in cooperation with department of state

Title: MADISON STARKE PERRY
Location: C.R. 234, on grounds of Oak Ridge Cemetery
County: Alachua
City: Alachua City: Rochelle
Description: Madison Starke Perry, born in Lancaster County, S.C., moved to Alachua County, Florida and became a prosperous planter. His plantation was located about six miles east of Gainesville in the area of present-day Rochelle. Perry was elected to the Florida House of Representatives in 1849 and to the Florida Senate in 1850, where he gained a wide reputation as an orator. A Democrat, he was elected fourth Governor of Florida, serving from 1857 through 1861. While Perry was Governor, major developments occurred in Florida. The Florida Railroad from Fernandina to Cedar Key was completed. A long-standing border dispute with Georgia was settled. Expansion of slavery brought related unrest, and in response, Governor Perry called for a strong state militia and the upgrading of military resources. As the Presidential election of 1860 neared, Governor Perry warned that secession might be Florida’s only option, should the Republican party be victorious. On November 27, 1860, Governor Perry recommended that a convention by called to consider secession. The Florida Convention adopted the Ordinance of Secession on January 10, 1861. The Governor quickly ordered evacuation of all United States troops from Florida military installations, and their replacement by State militia troops. At the expiration of his term as Governor in October, 1861, Perry joined the Confederate army. He was soon elected Colonel of the newly organized Seventh Regiment of the Florida infantry. Illness forced his resignation in 1863. Returning to his plantation in Alachua County, he died in 1865. Perry is buried here at Oak Ridge Cemetery on land he set aside in 1854 for the community. Buried here with him are his wife, Martha Starke Perry; a daughter Sallie Perry; and a son, Madison Starke Perry, Jr., also a Confederate veteran.
Sponsors: sponsored by the alachua county historical commissionin cooperation with the department of state

Title: THE LAW SCHOOL MOUND
Location:University of Florida Law School grounds
County: Alachua
City: Gainesville
Description: 100 yards west is an aboriginal burial mound built ca. A.D. 1000 by Alachua tradition peoples, ancestors of the Potano Indians who lived in Alachua County in the 16th and 17th centuries. Initially several individuals were buried in a central grave, and a small earthen mound was raised over them. Through time additional burials were laid on the mound’s surface and covered with earth. The villagers who built the mound probably lived along the shore of Lake Alice. Well before the mound was built, people of the Deptford Culture, 500 B.C. to A.D. 100, camped on this same location. The remains of their campsite were covered by the mound. First dug in 1881 by a local Gainesville resident, the mound and earlier campsite were excavated by Florida State Museum archaeologists and students in 1976.
Sponsors: sponsored by the university of florida law center association in cooperation with the department of state

Title: HISTORY OF EVINSTON, FLORIDA / EVINSTON COMMUNITY STORE AND POST OFFICE
Location: S.R. 225 at Evinston
County: Alachua
City: Evinston
Description: The community of Evinston, Florida, situated on the Alachua-Marion County border, is part of the Spanish Arredondo Grant of 1817. A grant for this land was received from Arrendondo by N. Brush who later sold two sections to the Evins family of South Carolina. Captain W. D. Evins, of this family, had large land holdings here west of Orange Lake, and gave the right of way for the narrow gauge Florida Southern Railroad in 1882. The station was given the name Evinston and the depot was built in 1884. At that time the present country store and post office were established. The community once consisted of two other stores, a schoolhouse, 3 churches, a blacksmith shop, 2 packing houses and a grist mill. This area was known for orange groves until the 1890’s freezes. Agricultural crops and cattle were and are still raised here. In 1956, the depot was moved and the railroad discontinued passenger service. Freight service continued until the tracks were removed in 1982. The community park was established in 1909 by J.L. Wolfenden, W.P. Shettleworth and F.B. Hester and continues to serve as a pleasure to the residents, many of whom are direct descendants of the original families. The Evinston community store, originally a warehouse, was built of heart pine in 1884 by W.P. Shettleworth. it was bought by Joseph Wolfenden, who first operated it as a store. The post office, established in 1882 was later moved into the building. The present store sits 100 feet south of its original location. It was moved in 1956 because of road paving. Located across from the railroad depot, it was a meeting place then as now. Numerous owners managed the store through the turn of the century. In 1909 H.D. Wood and Robert Evins bought the store. The later partnership of Wood and Swink, in 1934, is still indicated on the store front. Fred Wood became postmaster of Evinston in 1934 and served for 44 years, longer than any other postmaster in Florida. Still containing original post office boxes and equipment, this is one of the few remaining country store-post offices. In 1977, the country store was used as a set for the movie adaptation of Marjorie Rawlings’ short story Gal Young’un.
Sponsors: sponsored by the alachua county historical commissionin cooperation with the department of state

Title: DAVID YULEE and COTTON WOOD PLANTATION
Location:S.R. 346 (High Street)
County: Alachua
City: Archer
Description: David Levy Yulee was born at St. Thomas, West Indies, in 1810. He attended school in Virginia from 1819 until 1827 when he went to Micanopy to work on one of the plantations of his father, Moses Elias Levy. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1836. His time was divided between the practice of law and agriculture. Yulee was elected to the Florida Constitutional Convention at St. Joseph in 1838. He was a delegate to Congress from the Territory of Florida from 1841-45 and spearheaded the drive for statehood. In 1845, he was chosen as the first U.S. Senator from Florida and was the first Jew, in the United States, to be elected to the U.S. Senate. Defeated for reelection in 1851, Yulee was again elected to the Senate in 1855. In the Senate he served as chairman of the committees on naval affairs and on post offices and post roads. Yulee served in the U.S. Senate until he resigned upon the secession of Florida in 1861. While serving as territorial delegate, Yulee obtained a railroad survey of Florida and was one of the first railroad promoters in the South. In 1853 he incorporated the Florida Railroad which, when completed in 1860, passed through Archer, connecting Fernandina and Cedar Key. Long an advocate of the Southern movement and secession, Yulee supported Florida’s entry into the Confederacy. However, he chose not to pursue elective office and devoted time to his plantations and his railroad. He was at odds with Confederate authorities who wanted to use materials from his railroad for more vital lines. Cotton Wood Plantation, located about one mile northeast of this site, was the home of Yulee during the War Between the States. Upon the fall of the Confederacy, personal baggage of President Jefferson Davis and part of the Confederate treasury, reached Cotton Wood, under armed guard, on May 22, 1865. Following the war, Yulee was imprisoned at Ft. Pulaski, at Savannah, until Gen. U.S. Grant intervened for his release in March of 1866. Yulee sold his holdings in Florida and moved to Washington, D.C. in 1880. He died in 1886 and was buried at New York Avenue Presbyterian Church in Washington, D.C. Originally known as David Levy, he had his name changed by an act of the Florida Legislature in 1845.
Sponsors: sponsored by the alachua county historical commission in cooperation with the florida department of state

Title: JOSIAH T. WALLS
Location: University Avenue, between NW 1st Street and NW 2n
County: Alachua
City: Gainesville
Description: Born in 1842 to slave parents in Winchester, Va., little is known of Josiah T. Walls’ early life. After a short term of Confederate service, he enlisted in the Third Regiment, U.S. Colored Troops in 1863. Transferred to Picolata on the St. Johns River in 1864, he married Helen Ferguson of Newnansville and in 1865 moved to Alachua County after he was mustered out. After passage of the U.S. Military Reconstruction Act of 1867, Walls entered into Florida politics; as a delegate to the 1868 State constitutional convention, followed by election as a State representative and later senator from Alachua County. The 1870 nominee of the Republican Party for Florida’s only seat in the U.S. House of Representatives, Walls defeated Silas Niblack after a bitter contest, riddled with charges of fraud and intimidation. Josiah T. Walls thus became the State’s first black congressman. Although unseated by the House near the end of his term, Walls was re-elected in 1872. In another contested election in 1874, Walls defeated J.J. Finley, a former Confederate General, but, in 1876, was again removed from office. Walls was elected to the Florida Senate that year. After 1879, Josiah Walls concentrated on his farming activities. He had first acquired land near Newnansville in 1868 but in 1870 had moved to Gainesville. In 1871 Walls bought for their home the western half of the block now bounded by University Avenue on the south and N.W. 2nd Street on the west. In 1873 he purchased a 1175 acre plantation on the west edge of Paynes Prairie. In that year he acquired the weekly newspaper, THE NEW ERA, and was admitted to the Florida Bar. Remaining active in local politics, Walls served at various times as mayor of Gainesville, a member of the Board of Public Instruction, and County Commissioner. A highly successful and prosperous farmer through the 1880’s, he suffered financial ruin as a result of the severe freeze of the winter of 1894-95. Walls moved to Tallahassee to become the farm director at the school that is now Florida A. and M. University. He died in Tallahassee in 1905.
Sponsors: sponsored by the alachua county historical commissionin cooperation with the florida department of state

Title: SANTA FE DE TOLOCA
Location:Northern Alachua County C. R. 241
County: Alachua
City: Bland
Description: A Spanish Mission was established near here within sight of the Santa Fe River about A.D. 1606 by Franciscan missionaries. The river took its name from the mission, as did the modern town of Santa Fe. At one time, Santa Fe de Toloca was said to be the principal Timucuan Indian mission in a chain that stretched across the interior of la Florida from St. Augustine on the east coast. during the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries, la Florida was a battleground where England, France, and Spain fought for control of the New World. This was part of a greater struggle between Old and New World cultures that began with the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1492. Archaeological investigations between 1986 and 1989, by the Florida Museum of Natural History at the University of Florida, have revealed traces of a Spanish-style church, a cemetery with Indian burial in Christian fashion, traces of Indian village life, and fragments of seventeenth century Spanish and Indian pottery. The Indians at Santa Fe provisioned the Castillo de San Marcos and the town of St. Augustine with their crops of corn, wheat, and probably peaches, which they carried in baskets strapped to their backs along the Old Spanish Trail. Produce and cattle were also boated down the Santa Fe and Suwannee Rivers to Cuba. Several generations of Timucuans were born and died at this site. Everyday life centered on tending their gardens and studying Roman Catholic doctrine. Their routines were broken by visitations by the Bishop of Cuba, the Indian Rebellion of 1656, epidemics of disease introduced by Europeans, and the influx of other Indian groups. The mission church and village were attacked and burned in 1702 by invading English soldiers and their Indian allies from the Carolinas. The destruction of Santa Fe de Toloca, and the other missions of la Florida, weakened Spain’s control and led, ultimately to Florida becoming a United States’ possession in 1821. Santa Fe de Toloca was located at an existing Indian village. This may have been the same village visited by Hernando de Soto’s army in 1539; a village called Cholupaha. This area was called “Bland” by its first and only postmaster, J.L. Matthews, who named it for his son in 1903.
Sponsors: Sponsored by the alachua county historical commission in cooperation with the florida department of state

Title: MELROSE
Location:on S.R. 26 between Quail & Trout Sts.
County: Alachua
City: Melrose
Description: The region south of Santa Fe Lake was not settled until after the Seminole War in 1842, although it was on the Spanish mission trail from St. Augustine from about 1600 to 1763 and, during the English (1763-1784) and second Spanish (1784-1821) periods, on the overland route to Pensacola. Florida’s first Federal highway, the 1826 Bellamy road, followed about the same path. Many of the early landowners came from South Carolina and Georgia. After the decade of Reconstruction following the Civil War, an influx of new families came to the region, many to engage in planting orange groves, a few of which had been started in the 1850’s. Because the route of the Florida Railroad, completed in 1861 and reorganized after the War, passed west of the region, the Santa Fe Canal Company was chartered in March of 1877 to open a waterway from the railroad in Waldo through Lake Alto to Santa Fe Lake. In May of 1877 Alexander Goodson, Isaac Weston, and Meridth Granger, platted a 30-block town site south of the little bay on the southeast side of Santa Fe Lake. The old Bellamy Road was the main east-west axis, with Centre Street, straddling the Alachua, Putnam, and Clay county border, as the north-south axis. The origin of the town name, Melrose, is shrouded in conflicting legends. The canal linking Waldo to Santa Fe Lake was completed in March of 1881. The stern-wheel steamer, F.S. Lewis, built in Waldo, made its maiden voyage in April 1881. Northern visitors, who came to improve their health and invest in orange groves, built winter cottages or stayed at the boarding houses or the several hotels that catered to the winter tourists. The town soon had a number of general stores, a sawmill, cotton gin, livery stables, several churches, and a high school. The Western Railroad reached Melrose from Green Cove Springs in 1890. The town was then a thriving waterfront resort, lake port, and a horticultural and agricultural center. Devastated by the freezes of 1894-95, the citrus groves never recovered. Melrose became a quiet lakeside retreat for seasonal and week-end residents, with a small permanent population. In 1901 Melrose was incorporated but gave up its charter in 1917. Many of the nineteenth century homes and buildings still survive. The Melrose Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.
Sponsors: sponsored by the alachua county historical commission in cooperation with the florida department of state

Title: MATHESON HOUSE
Location:Matheson House grounds, 528 S.W. First Street
County: Alachua
City: Gainesville
Description: The Matheson homestead dates from 1857, when Alexander Matheson brought his family from Camden, South Carolina to establish a home on the Sweetwater Branch at the eastern edge of the new town of Gainesville. The present one and a half story Matheson House is believed to incorporate much of the original one story home. Alexander moved his family back to South Carolina in the early years of the Civil War. After the war and settlement of a mortgage foreclosure, the property was acquired by his younger brother, James D. Matheson, who had served as an officer in the Seventh South Carolina Cavalry and surrendered at Appomatox. He moved into the home in 1867 with his new bride, Augusta Florida Steele, daughter of Judge Augustus Steele, founder of Cedar Key, and an influential Florida pioneer during the territorial and early statehood period. James, a prominent businessman and merchant, ran a successful dry goods store and engaged in other commercial enterprises. He was also a trustee of the East Florida Seminary and served on the Alachua County Commission from 1895 to 1899. Elected County Treasurer in 1909, he held that office until his death in 1911. By 1907, James and Augusta had enlarged their home, adding the second floor bedrooms, the distinctive gambrel roof and gabled dormers, a first floor sitting room, and enclosing part of the back porch. Their son, Christopher, born in 1874, continued to live here after completing his education at the East Florida Seminary and the Citadel. He established a law practice in 1900, and served as mayor of Gainesville from 1910 to 1917 and in the Florida Legislature in 1917 and 1919. Ordained a Presbyterian minister in 1919, he left his law practice to serve the ministry in Oklahoma for the next 26 years. During this time the house was rented to various tenants. On his retirement in 1946, he returned home with his wife, Sarah Hamilton Matheson. She maintained her residence here after his death in 1952, and in 1989 donated the property to the Matheson Historical Center, Inc. The evolution of the Matheson House from a modest, mid-19th century farm house to its early 20th century appearance reflects the increasing prosperity of its owners in a growing community. It is preserved today as a reminder of their accomplishments and of those other early residents of Gainesville.
Sponsors: Sponsored by the Alachua County Historical Commission in Cooperation with the Florida Department of State

Title: ROCHELLE VICINITY
Location:Northwest corner at the intersection of State Road 20 and County Road 234
County: Alachua
City: Rochelle
Description: Side 1: Colonel Daniel Newnan led a troop of the Georgia militia on a raid into the area in September 1812 in an attempt to annex Florida to the United States in the War of 1812. The raiders engaged a force of Seminole Indians under the command of Seminole chief King Payne. Several soldiers and Indians were killed in the fierce battle, including King Payne. Ft. Crane, named for Lt. Colonel Ichabod Crane, Commander of the U.S. Army District of Northeast Florida, was built in January 1837 during the Second Seminole War. It was located just south of Rochelle and was commanded by Lt. John H. Winder, who later served in the Mexican War. By the 1840s settlers had moved into the area from South Carolina and Georgia. The Perry, Rochelle, Tillman and Zetrouer families were among the earliest arrivals. Early roads in the area were heavily travelled by settlers and the military. One important route linked St. Augustine with Newnansville, located about 16 miles northwest of this marker. Union troops passed near this site in August 1864 enroute to Gainesville, where they were defeated by Confederate cavalry led by Capt. J.J. Dickison. Side 2: The community of Rochelle, located about one mile south of this marker, was first called Perry Junction and grew up around the site of the plantation of Madison Starke Perry, Governor of Florida 1857-61. In 1854, Perry had donated land for Oak Ridge Cemetery, located between Rochelle and Micanopy. Perry and many pioneer families from the area are buried there. The town was renamed Gruelle in 1881 and changed to Rochelle in 1884 in honor of the parents of Gov. Perry’s wife, Martha Perry. Rochelle became a hub of the Florida Southern Railway in 1882 and later lay on the main line of the Plant Railway System, being a daily stopover between Jacksonville and St. Petersburg. By 1888 twenty-four trains a day passed through the community of about 100 residents. Rochelle became a citrus center, but the Great Freeze of 1894-95 destroyed the citrus crop, causing many of the inhabitants to leave. Today only a few buildings remain as reminders of the once thriving settlement. One of these is the Rochelle School (Martha Perry Institute), constructed in 1885, which served the community until 1935. The building was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.
Sponsors: THE ALACHUA COUNTY HISTORICAL COMMISSION AND THE FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF STATE

Title: RAILROADING IN HIGH SPRINGS
Location: 20 NW Railroad Ave., in front of High Springs
County: Alachua
City: High Springs
Description: This old passenger depot, built c. 1910, is all that remains of the vast railroad complex located southwest of downtown that made High Springs a bustling railroad center for nearly 50 years. In 1895 the Plant Railroad System chose the town as the site of its divisional headquarters. Rail yards, workshops, and a roundhouse serviced hundreds of steam engines and cars sent to High Springs to be cleaned and repaired. The importance of High Springs as a rail center declined as diesel engines replaced the old steam locomotives after World War II. Gradually, all of the railroad buildings disappeared, except the depot, which was moved to this site and renovated as a railroad museum in 1994.
Sponsors: Sponsored by the Florida Department of State

Title: UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA HISTORIC CAMPUS
Location:
County: Alachua
City: Gainesville
Description: The University of Florida Campus Historic District and two individual campus buildings were listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1989 and 1990 in recognition of their architectural and cultural significance and the coherence of the campus plan. The buildings were designed by architects William A. Edwards from 1905 to 1924 and Rudolph Weaver from 1925 to 1939 in the Collegiate Gothic style. The landscape plan was developed in 1926 by Olmsted Brothers, the firm that designed New York’s Central Park. The historic campus reflects the university’s rich heritage and the significant place it holds in Florida’s educational history.
Sponsors: The Florida Department of State

Title: CITY OF NEWBERRY HISTORIC DISTRICT
Location:
County: Alachua
City: Newberry
Description: The discovery of hard rock phosphate in Alachua County in 1889 sparked the appearance of boom towns wherever large deposits of the mineral were found. Incorporated in 1894, Newberry thrived until 1914 when the onset of World War I forced the mines to close. The mines did not reopen after the war, causing the economy of the town to collapse and forcing many residents to leave. The buildings in Newberry’s historic district reflect the boom town atmosphere of small mining communities founded in Florida at end of the 19th century. The district was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.
Sponsors: The Florida Department of State

Title: NEWNANSVILLE
Location:U.S. 441, across road from Newnansville Cemetery
County: Alachua
City: Alachua
Description: Two miles to the north, Newnansville was the seat of Alachua County and center of trade and plantation life in the antebellum period. Its chief products were corn, cotton, and, after the War Between the States, citrus. In 1856 the courthouse was moved to Gainesville. It further declined when the freeze of 1886 destroyed the citrus. Lack of railway connections caused commercial stagnation. Its population was eventually absorbed by neighboring Alachua.

Title: WILLIAM BARTRAM (1739-1823)
Location:N.E.Cholokka Blvd. County Road 25-A at N.E. Semin
County: Alachua
City: Micanopy
Description: The great quaker naturalist of Philadelphia made a long journey through the southeastern states in the 1770’s collecting botanical specimens. In May, 1774, he visited the Seminole Chief, Cowkeeper, at the Indian village of Cuscowilla located near this spot. His book, “TRAVELS…”, provided the earliest reliable account of North Florida landscape, flora, fauna and Indian life and his vivid images of local scenes inspired Coleridge, Wordsworth and Emerson.

Title:
Location:
County: Alachua
City: Melbourne
Description: This site was the 129-building Naval Air Station constructed at the Melbourne Municipal Airport at the beginning of World War II. It was commissioned as Operational Training Unit #2 on October 20, 1942 and closed on February 15, 1946. The Station was used for training newly commissioned Navy and Marine pilots. There were over 2,200 pilots who trained in Grumman F4F Wildcat and F6F Hellcat fighter planes. Of the pilots trained there, 63 died in aerial accidents and two enlisted men died in ground-related accidents. The location served more than 310 officers and 1,355 enlisted personnel. Today the area is operated by the City of Melbourne Airport Authority.
Sponsors: Melbourne Airport Authority Property Manager and the Florida Department of State

Title: GAINESVILLE’S RAILROADS
Location: Alachua County
County: Alachua
City: Gainesville
Description: The coming of the Florida Railroad opened up the interior of Florida for both settlement and trading and helped establish Gainesville. On February 1, 1859 the Florida Railroad entered town and connected Fernandina Beach with Cedar Key by 1861. Built from the northeast along what is now Waldo Road, the rails crossed 13th Street at Archer Road, and continued southwest along Archer Road to Cedar Key. The 19th century Florida roads were sandy, swampy and nearly impassible, so early rail access to two ports dramatically increased Gainesville’s prosperity. Railroads provided transportation for outgoing agricultural products and brought in the region’s first tourists, creating a demand for hotels, restaurants and other services. As the demand for North Central Florida agriculture grew at the turn of the 20th century, more railroads crisscrossed the region. The last railroad passenger service in Gainesville ended in 1971. The Atlantic Coast Line (ACL) Railroad built a modern depot in 1948 rerouting its trains from Main Street downtown to tracks on Northwest 6th Street. The ACL depot is presently part of the downtown campus of Santa Fe Community College.
Sponsors: ALACHUA COUNTY HISTORICAL COMMISSION AND THE FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF STATE

Title: Turpentine Industry
Location:
County: Alachua
City: Gainesville
Description: The naval stores industry was important to maritime power worldwide. Pine tar and pitch were used to seal wooden ships and protect sails and rigging. When settlers came to America  in Florida (1565), in Virginia (1607) and in Massachusetts (1620)  they found vast pine forests with resinous tar and pitch, a scarce commodity for European competitors with wooden fleets. Settlers at first produced pine pitch and tar by distilling resin-soaked fat pine wood from dead tree logs, limbs and knots, covering them with soil and burning them to yield tar and charcoal. After fat pine wood became scarce, pitch was made by chopping deep cavities or boxes near the base of living trees to collect gum. Only crude gum was exported until simple distillation techniques separated volatile turpentine from the residual rosin poured hot into barrels for domestic use or export. During the next three hundred years, with little change, this forest product industry prospered, first in the Carolinas, then Georgia and Florida to become a major U.S. industry. Production of gum was greatly accelerated and tree life protected when the Herty clay cups, introduced in early 1900s, replaced cut boxes. Characters 1,189 Side 2. From 1909 until 1923, Florida led the nation in pine gum production. In 1909, the peak year in the U.S.A. gum yielded 750,000 barrels of turpentine and 2.5 million barrels of rosin. The 1910 census listed 27,2ll men and 3l6 women, mostly blacks, working in the industry with 65 percent in Florida. Fairbanks, Florida was a turpentine still town with the Mize family operation processing ten 50-gallon barrels of crude gum at a time. This still required six crops of 10,000 faces (an area where streaks of bark are removed) and each crop covered 400 acres. As recently as 1951, 105 fire stills operated around Gainesville. The Mize family operated the Fairbanks still until 1950. Many of the buildings (the coopers shed, machine shop and worker homes) still stand. Ellis Mize (1882-1967) donated land with a lake bearing his name to the University of Floridas forestry education program. In 1948, they deeded this private cemetery on that property to the Fairbanks Baptist Church. Because of his love for the pine tree industry, Mize had his granite tombstone carved to resemble a working face pine tree. This marker is dedicated to all who toiled to provide an income for families and communities and resinous products worldwide.
Sponsors: FLORIDA SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FORESTERS AND THE FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF STATE

Title: GAINESVILLE’S RAILROADS
Location:
County: Alachua
City: Gainesville
Description: The coming of the Florida Railroad opened up the interior of Florida for both settlement and trading and helped establish Gainesville. On February 1, 1859 the Florida Railroad entered town and connected Fernandina Beach with Cedar Key by 1861. Built from the northeast along what is now Waldo Road, the rails crossed 13th Street at Archer Road, and continued southwest along Archer Road to Cedar Key. The 19th century Florida roads were sandy, swampy and nearly impassible, so early rail access to two ports dramatically increased Gainesville’s prosperity. Railroads provided transportation for outgoing agricultural products and brought in the region’s first tourists, creating a demand for hotels, restaurants and other services. As the demand for North Central Florida agriculture grew at the turn of the 20th century, more railroads crisscrossed the region. The last railroad passenger service in Gainesville ended in 1971. The Atlantic Coast Line (ACL) Railroad built a modern depot in 1948 rerouting its trains from Main Street downtown to tracks on Northwest 6th Street. The ACL depot is presently part of the downtown campus of Santa Fe Community College. Gainesville’s first railroad, the Florida Railroad, was started in 1859. In 1881, the Florida Southern Railroad reached town from Palatka, Hawthorne and Rochelle, entering at South Main Street from Hawthorne Road and running the length of Main Street to 8th Aveenue. A route from Rochelle provided service to Ocala. Three years later, the Savannah, Florida & Western Railroad linked to these tracks, providing service through Alachua to Waycross, Georgia. The two lines merged in 1902, becoming the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad, providing service from Tampa Bay to New York. ACL trains ran in the middle of Main Street stopping for passengers to use the city’s hotels. In 1895, the Gainesville and Gulf Railroad built a line to Micanopy along NW 6th Street. By 1899, the rails reached south past Fairfield to Emathala and north to Sampson City. The Gainesville and Gulf was sold in 1906 and renamed the Tampa and Jacksonville or T&J. In 1900, the Seaboard Air Line Railroad (SAL) was established and acquired the old Florida Railroad right-of-way through Gainesville. When the SAL bought the T&J in 1926, it was renamed the Jacksonville, Gainesville & Gulf. This line was abandoned in 1943.
Sponsors: ALACHUA COUNTY HISTORICAL COMMISSION ANDD THE FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF STATE

Title: HISTORIC HAILE HOMESTEAD AT KANAPAHA PLANTATION
Location:Gainesville
County: Alachua
City: Gainesville
Description: One of the oldest houses in Alachua County, the Historic Haile Homestead was the home of Thomas Evans Haile, his wife Esther Serena Chesnut Haile and 14 of their children. The Hailes came here from Camden, South Carolina in 1854 to establish a 1,500-acre Sea Island Cotton plantation which they named Kanapaha. Enslaved black craftsmen completed the 6,200-square-foot manse in 1856. The 1860 census showed 66 slaves living here. The Hailes survived bankruptcy in 1868 and turned the property into a productive farm, growing a variety of fruits and vegetables including oranges. Serena Haile died in 1895; Thomas in 1896. The Homestead, which passed to son Evans, a prominent defense attorney, became the site of house parties attended by some of Gainesvilles most distinguished citizens. The Hailes had the unusual habit of writing on the walls; all together over 12,500 words with the oldest writing dating to the 1850s. The Homestead was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. A restoration was completed in 1996. Still partly owned by descendants of Evans Haile, the Homestead is one of the few remaining homesteads built by Sea Island cotton planters in this part of Florida.
Sponsors: THE HISTORIC HAILE HOMESTEAD AND THE FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF STATE

Title: BLAND COMMUNITY
Location:
County: Alachua
City: GAINESVILLE
Description: Settled in the 1840s by cotton planters from Georgia and South Carolina, Bland became a diverse agrarian area where farmers and sharecroppers raised cattle and grew cotton and a variety of fruits and vegetables. Joseph Fate Lafayette Matthews (1868-1934) was the towns most prominent citizen who moved to the area from Bradford County in 1899. He and Thomas A. Doke initially purchased 720 acres of land which was once part of the Samuel R. Pyles plantation. Matthews built a large home and general merchandise store just under a mile south of here. With cotton gins and a grist mill, the store served as the center of commerce for the area. In May 1903 Matthews opened a post office which was named for his son, Blan C. Matthews (1902-1927). Fate Matthews served as the only postmaster until the closing of the post office in July 1906. By the late 1920s he was one of the countys largest land owners. On December 1, 1934, Matthews, then president of the Bank of Alachua, was murdered in his home by a man upon whose house he had foreclosed. William and Elsie Washington successfully homesteaded 104 acres in this area in 1879. Among their many descendants is actress, comedienne, and humanitarian Whoopi Goldberg.
Sponsors: ALACHUA COUNTY HISTORICAL COMMISSION AND THE FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF STATE

Title: MT. PLEASANT CEMETERY
Location:
County: Alachua
City: Gainesville
Description: The Mt. Pleasant Cemetery was established c. 1883 by the Mt. Pleasant Methodist Episcopal Church as a final resting place for its members and other African Americans in the city of Gainesville. Founded in 1867, the church purchased the 5.38-acre property for $125 in 1886. Among the earliest graves are those of Helen H. Wall (1847-1883) and Jefferson Garrison (1871-1884). Some headstones are of marble or granite carved with symbolic designs, others are simple vaults of stuccoed brick or concrete. Early African American community members and their descendents are buried in individual and family plots here. Among them are civic and religious leaders, educators, physicians, dentists, craftsmen, servicemen, and business owners, some of whom began life as enslaved people. Buried here are the Reverend Alexander DeBose, pastor of the Mt. Pleasant church in the 1870s; Dr. R. B. Ayer and Dr. Julius Parker, the citys first black physicians; Dr. E. H. DeBose, Sr., Gainesvilles first black dentist; and Lance Corporal Vernon T. Carter, Jr., Gainesvilles first Viet Nam War casualty. The cemetery is still maintained by the Mt. Pleasant United Methodist Church, located in Gainesville’s Pleasant Street Historic District.
Sponsors: MT. PLEASANT UNITED METHODIST CHURCH AND THE FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF STATE

Title: MOUNT PLEASANT UNITED METHODIST CHURCH
Location:
County: Alachua
City: Gainesville
Description: Mount Pleasant Methodist Episcopal Church was founded on July 16, 1867, with the Reverend Isaac Davis serving as the first pastor. The Board of Trustees of the oldest black congregation in Gainesville purchased the lot on which the present church still stands for $160 from Charles W. Brush. He sold lots after the Civil War mainly to African American individuals and institutions in what is now the Pleasant Street Historic District. The founding trustees were Lojurn Davis, Alexander Hamilton, Ethan Daniels, Henry Roberts, William Anderson, Adam Dancy, Shadrach Abendnego, Robert McDuffie and Dr. McDowell. Mount Pleasant soon became a social and religious center for the neighborhood. The first Florida Annual Conference that brought together Methodist churches with black congregations was held at Mount Pleasant in 1874, while the Reverend Alexander DeBose was pastor. The original wood frame building was replaced in 1887 with a brick structure, which was destroyed by fire in 1903. The present church, built of red brick in the stately Romanesque revival style, was completed in 1906 and is noted for its beautiful stained glass windows. In 1968, the congregation was renamed the Mount Pleasant United Methodist Church.
Sponsors: THE MOUNT PLEASANT UNITED METHODIST CHURCH AND THE FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF STATE

Title: MT. PLEASANT CEMETERY
Location:
County: Alachua
City: Gainesville
Description: The Mt. Pleasant Cemetery was established c. 1883 by the Mt. Pleasant Methodist Episcopal Church as a final resting place for its members and other African Americans in the city of Gainesville. Founded in 1867, the church purchased the 5.38-acre property for $125 in 1886. Among the earliest graves are those of Helen H. Wall (1847-1883) and Jefferson Garrison (1871-1884). Some headstones are of marble or granite carved with symbolic designs, others are simple vaults of stuccoed brick or concrete. Early African American community members and their descendents are buried in individual and family plots here. Among them are civic and religious leaders, educators, physicians, dentists, craftsmen, servicemen, and business owners, some of whom began life as enslaved people. Buried here are the Reverend Alexander DeBose, pastor of the Mt. Pleasant church in the 1870s; Dr. R. B. Ayer and Dr. Julius Parker, the citys first black physicians; Dr. E. H. DeBose, Sr., Gainesvilles first black dentist; and Lance Corporal Vernon T. Carter, Jr., Gainesvilles first Viet Nam War casualty. The cemetery is still maintained by the Mt. Pleasant United Methodist Church, located in Gainesville’s Pleasant Street Historic District.
Sponsors: THE MT. PLEASANT UNITED METHODIST CHURCH AND THE FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF STATE

Title: ROPER PARK/OLD CITY PARK
Location:
County: Alachua
City: Gainesville
Description: Roper Park is the original site of the parade grounds (in front of this site) and barracks (behind this site) for the East Florida Seminary, a non-sectarian educational institute and a forerunner of the University of Florida. James H. Roper (1835-1883) moved to Gainesville in 1856 and founded the first school, the Gainesville Academy. The Gainesville Academy moved to this site in 1857. Roper, a member of the State Senate in 1865-66 and the Board of Education, engineered the relocation of the East Florida Seminary to Gainesville by donating his schools building and site in 1866. He was the president for the first two years. The barracks for the East Florida Seminary were built on this site in 1886. The two-story frame building had a double veranda along the south side, and a two-story porch surrounded an open courtyard in its center. Out-of-town students lived in 45 rooms that contained two iron beds with moss mattresses and feather pillows, a study table, a washstand, and a stove. The City of Gainesville purchased the block in 1906. In 1907, Gainesvilles mayor bought the barracks and added them to the nearby White House Hotel.
Sponsors: THE CITY OF GAINESVILLE AND THE FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF STATE

Title: EARLETON, FLORIDA
Location:
County: Alachua
City: MELROSE
Description: Side 1. Earleton is named for General Elias B. Earle (1821-1893) who received government land grants in Florida for his service in the U.S./Mexican War (1846-48). Born into a prominent South Carolina family, Gen. Earle fought in the Palmetto Regiment, enlisted as a private, and at the war’s end received the honorary commission of General from the Governor of South Carolina. He moved to the western shore of Lake Santa Fe with his wife and four children between 1856 and 1860. When the Civil War began, Gen. Earle owned a 2000-acre cotton plantation north of here and had 50 slaves, making him one of the largest slave holders in Alachua County. A colonel of the Seventh Florida Regiment, Earle joined Capt. J.J. Dickison’s Company H for the 1864 Battle of Gainesville, leading an infantry of ninety men down what is now E. University Ave. After the war, Earle became a director for the canal company connecting Lake Santa Fe to Lake Alto and president of the Green Cove Springs to Melrose Railroad. His son-in-law, German botanist Baron Hans von Luttichau (1845-1926) created the “Collins-Belvedere Azalea Gardens” in Earleton, introducing Formosa azaleas to Florida. Earle is buried in the family plot at Eliam Cemetery in Melrose. Side 2. St. John’s Episcopal Church and Cemetery were established at this site in the late 1870s by English settlers. Completed in 1880, the church was one of the first carpenter gothic chapels in Florida. It was at the time known as the mission at Balmoral and the Lake Santa Fe Mission. When Trinity Episcopal Church (still standing) was completed in Melrose in 1886, this smaller church was sold for $15 and torn down. The cemetery was established in 1878 and held between 60-70 graves at the turn of the 20th Century. Little is known about who is buried there because the records were lost when the Diocesan headquarters burned during the Jacksonville fire of 1901. The only legible headstone belongs to Emma Lucy Hilton, who was born in England in 1827, and died in Earleton in 1884. On the banks of Lake Santa Fe (east of here) sat the Balmoral Hotel, which catered to northern tourists who came by train to Waldo and then by steamboat through the Lake Alto canal. Balmoral was an impressive two-story, U-shaped structure and a popular resort through the 1880s, until the 1894-95 freezes ruined the local economy. The hotel was turned into a private residence and eventually burned. No trace is left.
Sponsors: HISTORIC MELROSE, INC.AND THE FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF STATE

Title: THOMAS GILBERT PEARSON
Location:
County: Alachua
City: Archer
Description: Thomas Gilbert Pearson waws an ornithologist, college professor, and world leader of the bird preservation movement. Pearson grew up in Archer, where he collected bird skins and eggs and taught himself ornithology. To pay for his schooling at Guilford College in North Carolina, Pearson donated his collection to the college museum and served as curator. He taught at Guilford and the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. He joined the American Ornithologists’ Union, which initiated the Audubon movement to protect the nation’s rapidly declining bird populations. He founded and directed the Audubon Society of North Carolina, the South’s first state wildlife commission. He served successfully as secretary and president of what is now the National Audubon Society. The Audubon movement changed public attitudes toward birds, and was instrumental in obtaining government action that saved millions of birds and brought several species back from the verge of extinction. The movement also helped lay the foundation for a global effort to save the earth’s diverse biological systems. Pearson is buried in Greensboro, North Carolina. His parents and brother are buried in Archer.
Sponsors: THE ALACHUA COUNTY HISTORICAL COMMISSION, THE CITY OF ARCHER ALACHUA HISTORICAL SOCIETY, ATHE ALACHUA COUNTY COMMISSION AND THE FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF STATE

Gainesville is home to several acclaimed performing artist groups, from thespians to musicians to dancers. Consult group Web sites or call for more information on scheduled performances. Gainesville boasts some of the area’s most prestigious art collections and galleries. Learn how you can immerse yourself in the work of local, national, and international artists. The Gainesville area is home to a number of activities and sites of historical or cultural significance. From observation to participation, opportunities abound to experience firsthand the enrichment and taste on display in North Central Florida.

For more information and resources dealing with Gainesville’s History & Culture, visit the Cultural Affairs Web page.

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55 Facts, Figures and Follies of Water Conservation

Water conservation is something we all should practice.

Except for the air we breathe, water is the single most important element in our lives. It’s too precious to waste. Here are some useful facts and simple suggestions that will help you understand more about water. They’ll help you save hundreds, even thousands, of gallons per month without any great inconvenience.

There’s as much water in the world today as there was thousands of years ago. Actually, it’s the same water. The water from your faucet could contain molecules that dinosaurs drank. Perhaps Columbus sailed across it.
Nearly 97% of the world’s water is salty or otherwise undrinkable. Another 2% is locked in ice caps and glaciers. That leaves just 1% for all of humanity’s needs-all its agricultural, manufacturing, community, and personal household needs.
The United States uses some 450 billion gallons of water every day. Only about 6% of that-27 billion gallons-is taken by public water supply systems. The U.S. daily average of water pumped by those systems is 185 gallons per person.
We drink very little of our drinking water. Generally speaking, less than 1% of the treated water produced by water utilities is actually consumed. The rest goes on lawns, in washing machines, and down toilets and drains.
For the price of a single 12-ounce can of soda-about 50 cents-many communities deliver up to 1,000 gallons of fresh, clean drinking water to homes 24 hours a day. If drinking water and soda pop were equally costly, your water bill would skyrocket more than 10,000%.
If everyone in the United states flushed the toilet just one less time per day, we could save a lakeful of water about a mile long, a mile wide, and four feet deep every day.
Every glass of water brought to your table in a restaurant requires another two glasses of water to wash and rinse the glass. Since nearly 70 million meals are served each day in U.S. restaurants, we would save more than 26 million gallons of water if only one person in four declined the complimentary glassful.
If you have a lawn, chances are it’s your biggest water gobbler. Typically, at least 50% of water consumed by households is used outdoors. Inside your house, bathroom facilities claim nearly 75% of the water used.
Indoor water use statistics vary from family to family and in various parts of the country, but they average out pretty reliably. Nearly 40% gets flushed down toilets, more than 30% is used in showers and baths, the laundry and dishwashing take about 15%, leaks claim 5% or more, which leaves about 10% for everything else.
How many times a day is the toilet flushed in your house? If U.S. citizens averaged only four or five flushes per day, it would amount to more than 5 billion gallons of water down the drain. That’s enough to supply drinking water to the entire population of Chicago for more than 6 years.
Little leaks add up in a hurry. A faucet drip or invisible toilet leak that totals only two tablespoons a minute comes to 15 gallons a day. That’s 105 gallons a week and 5,460 wasted gallons of water a year.
Ultra-low-flush toilets, which may cost from under $100 to over $300, depending on the type purchased, use only about 1.5 gallons of water per flush. That could cut your family’s total indoor water use by as much as 20%.
Which uses more water, a shower or a tub bath? It all depends. A partially filled tub uses much less than a long shower, while a short shower is much more water efficient than a brimful tub. If you shower in a bathtub, check yourself by plugging the tub to see how high the water comes when you’re finished. Do you use more or less than that amount when you take a bath?
Any showerhead now manufactured in the United States is required by law to release no more than 2.5 gallons of water per minute. Super low-flow showerheads that deliver as little as 1.25 gallons per minute, cost anywhere from $5 to $75.
Is it possible your toilet has a secret leak? You can test it by putting 10 drops of food coloring in the tank. Don’t flush for 15 minutes. If the colored water shows up in the bowl, the tank is leaking.
Some people thoughtlessly flush away tissues and other bits of trash in the toilet. Using a wastebasket, instead, will save all those gallons of water that otherwise go wastefully down the drain.
If someone in your family likes to shave with water running in the basin, they probably use at least on gallon per minute, most of it wasted. A stoppered basin needs one-half gallon or so of water for adequate razor rinsing.
Have you ever heard of showering “The Navy Way”? Because fresh water is relatively scarce on ships, sailors were taught to just get wet, and then turn off the shower while soaping and scrubbing, and turn it on again briefly to rinse off. It’s a great water conservation technique.
Don’t let the water run when you brush your teeth or when washing your face. Most of it will be wasted. Just take what you need and save the rest.
If everyone in the United States could manage to use just one less gallon of water per shower every day, we could save some 85 billion gallons per year. How do you do it? By keeping the shower pressure lower or by making your showers a few seconds shorter.
Fill your dishwasher full because it will use the same amount of water for a normal cycle, whether it contains a full load of dishes or just a few items. Also, there’s really no need to fully wash dishes before loading in the dishwasher. Just scrape off food scraps and rinse.
Water heaters often are set at 140 degrees. You can save energy by turning the temperature on your water heater down to 130 degrees. Don’t go any lower because some harmful bacteria could survive.
Which is more efficient, washing in an automatic dishwasher or doing them by hand in the sink? It depends. But you can check by testing how many gallons a full sink basin holds compared with the 9.5 to 12 gallons dishwashing machines use during a regular cycle.
Instead of letting the water run in the sink when you want a cool drink, keep a jug or pitcherful cooling in the refrigerator. If you detect and dislike the taste of chlorine in your water, which is used by many communities for disinfection, an uncovered jug or pitcher will allow chlorine molecules to escape into the air, thus improving the taste.
Check every facet in the house for leaks. A single dripping faucet can waste far more water in a single day than one person needs for drinking in an entire week. Don’t wait to fix a drip. Do it now!
If you like to rinse off vegetables and fruits, stopper the sink instead of using running water. Stopper the sink when you wash dishes by hand, too; and when you’re finished, turn on the garbage disposal as you pull the plug.
Here’s a two-for-one idea if you have a fish tank in the house. When you clean the tank, use the dirty water on your houseplants. It’s rich in nitrogen and phosphorous, which gives you a nice fertilizer while you use the same water twice.
Check the water taps in your home to see of they all have aerators or spray taps. An aerator mixes air with the water, which not only cuts the flow but reduces splashing. The spray tap is similar, but also can swing from side to side like a tiny showerhead.
Select the appropriate water level for the size of your load of laundry. Most washers now offer preset water levels for small, medium, and large loads. Use full loads whenever possible.
Do you wash your car at home? Please don’t let the hose run. Instead, wet the car thoroughly, then turn off the hose while you swab the car with soapy water from a bucket. Use the hose again for a final rinse. A trigger nozzle is best because it turns off automatically.
Sweep outside with a broom, not the hose. Yes, it’s lots more fun using water, but just five minutes of hosing will waste, unnecessarily, some 25 gallons of water. Sweeping the sidewalk and driveway will get them clean enough.
What if there’s a catastrophe? What if a water pipe bursts in your home? Do you know where the master shutoff valve is located? You could experience terrible flooding and property damage, not to mention immense water waste, if you don’t locate the valve and mark it for quick identification. Be sure to show everyone in the family where it is.
When you walk on your lawn, do you leave footprints behind? That’s a sign the grass needs water. It’s too dry to spring back when you walk on it. Another sign is grass that turns a dull grey-green color. Give that off color grass a good drink.
Don’t sprinkle grass lightly, deep-soak it. Light watering can’t get water down deep in the soil. The grass develops shallower roots and is both less drought-resistant and more prone to winterkill.
If you have an automatic sprinkler system, check the heads periodically. Be sure they haven’t shifted direction to spray water on the side of the house, driveway, or sidewalk instead of the lawn.
Do your lawn sprinkling early in the morning, between 4 and 6 a.m., when water demand is low. After about 10 a.m., both heat and evaporation go up, robbing the lawn of moisture. Sprinkling at night is fine for dry climates, but in humid climates the relatively cool, moist conditions can create an ideal environment for lawn diseases to develop.
Don’t water your lawn too much. An automatic system can be preset, but a sprinkler on the end of a hose needs your personal attention. Buy timer attachments that hook on between the faucet and hose, or set a kitchen timer to ring in 15 or 20 minutes to remind you to move the sprinkler to a new area.
Not all soil is the same. If your grass grows on mostly clay soil, between ¼ and ½ inch of water per hour can be absorbed before it starts running off wastefully. If you have sandy soil, you’ll need to water more often and for shorter periods of time.
Grassy areas on sunny southern sides of buildings or on slopes and areas near sidewalks and driveways need to be watered more often. Shady areas and northern exposures need water less frequently.
Lawn and garden areas near sidewalks, driveways, and patios tend to dry out faster than the rest of the yard. To water more effectively, push a root feeder or water aerator into the soil about a foot from the concrete. Push it in about six inches. When the grass raises up like a bubble, pull out the probe and repeat the operation a foot or so farther along the grass edge.
Use root feeder or water-aerator probes around trees and bushes. Even for the biggest trees, you need go no deeper than 18 inches, while 8 to 12 inches is plenty deep for smaller trees and shrubs. The probes get water precisely where it’s needed and simultaneously create lots of little holes that provide aeration benefits.
Delay regular lawn watering during the first cool weeks of spring. This encourages deeper rooting and makes your lawn healthier for the rest of the summer. It also delays the first time you have to mow the grass.
How to apply water to your lawn can be just as important as the amount of water you use. If your lawn thrives on 45 minutes of water every two or three days, it will not remain as healthy if you water 15 or 20 minutes every day.
Adjust lawn watering to the weather. Following a heavy rain, for instance, skip your regular watering day until the grass needs it again. Teach the family how to turn off an automatic sprinkler system in case a storm comes up during the sprinkler cycle.
More water is dispensed faster with a larger diameter hose. Sprinklers that throw large drops in a flat pattern are much more effective than those with fine, high sprays, which can be blown about and evaporate quickly.
For any small area of grass, water by hand to avoid waste. On steep slopes, try a soaker hose to help prevent wasteful runoff.
Adjust your lawn mower to a higher setting. The grass blades grow longer and shade one another, as well as the ground, helping to fight off heat and hold moisture longer.
Mow the lawn often, at least once a week. Try to cut no more than one third of the grass blade, removing about one half to three quarters of an inch at a time. If you mow the grass shorter than this, excessive shock occurs that causes grass to turn yellow despite your best sprinkling efforts.
Minimize grass areas in your yard, because less grass means less water demand. Survey the lawn and consider whether it might make sense to remove grass from areas that aren’t used much. Replace it with low-water use landscaping.
Try the concept of Xeriscape (pronounced zer-i-scape), which means “landscaping for water conservation.” The idea is to use plants that require less water. You also can decorate creatively with interesting objects that need no water at all, such as rocks, bricks, benches, gravel, and deck areas.
Mulch planting areas. Mulch covers open areas with tasteful good looks, helps keep the ground from overheating, holds moisture that otherwise would evaporate, and discourages weeds.
Unless you’re lucky enough to have super soil, be sure to add compost, well-aged manure, or other organic material when preparing the ground for a new lawn. Add at least three cubic yards per 1,000 square feet and till to a depth of six inches.
Consider installing drip irrigation for individual bushes, trees, flowers and garden areas. Drip systems are designed to get water slowly and directly to the roots of plants where they need it most. They deliver water in terms of quarts or gallons per hour instead of per minute.
If you have a swimming pool, get a cover for it. Evaporation can make hundreds, even thousands, of gallons of water disappear. An average-size pool with average sun and wind exposure loses approximately 1,000 gallons of water per month, enough to keep a family of four in drinking water for nearly over a year and a half. A pool cover cuts the loss by 90%.
Water is a precious commodity and there is a limited supply in most communities. Remember to use only the amount you actually need. Encourage your family to keep looking for new ways to conserve water in and around your home.

LP Gas piping and repairs, natural gas piping and repairs, appliance repairs, boilers, water heaters, tankless water heaters, pool heaters, pool pumps, gas generators, medical gas piping, nitrogen gas piping, oxygen gas piping, med gas piping, manometer test, annual gas testing and inspections, splash guards, plumbing, free estimates, licensed and insured.

New construction, alterations, repairs, commercial, industrial, residential, medical, and hospitals…..all work is very welcome and appreciated.

We accept all major credit cards. Visa, Mastercard, Discover and American Express.

How do I know if I have a broken water line or slab leak?

Leaks are often indicated by high water bills or a faint hissing sound. A professional plumber should tend

to leaks immediately as damage can occur rapidly.

How do I know if my toilet is leaking?

If you suspect the toilet is leaking, put a drop of food color in the tank. If you see the color in the bowl,

there is a leak. Toilets consume more than 40% of total water usage when working properly – so it is

important (and cost saving) to ensure they are not wasting water.

There is a whistling sound coming from my toilet? What could it be?

Mostly likely, the flapper and fill valve need to be replaced.

My toilet keeps running and the water won’t shut off. What do I do?

This typically indicates a bad fill valve that needs to be replaced.

What causes low water pressure?

A leak or old galvanized piping can cause low water pressure. It might be time to repipe your house.

I only briefly have hot water. Do I need a new hot water heater?

Not necessarily. There are two heating elements in a heater, most likely one is burned out and will need

replacing.

I have scalding hot water. What do I do?

Scalding hot water can be an indication that the hot water heater thermostat has gone bad. This problem

will continue until the thermostat is replaced.

I have a strange odor in my home, what could it be?

It could be sewer gas. First, run water in any sinks that have not been run lately. If the water in the “U”

part of the pipe (p-trap) dries up, air will come in from the sewer creating a foul smell. Sewer gas can

escape through an unsealed toilet if the wax seal has broken. In this case, the toilet would need to be

pulled and reset. You may also try cleaning your garbage disposer by running anti-bacterial soap, ice

cubes, or lemon peels in it.

My Garbage disposer has stopped, what can I do?

There is usually a small red button on the side of the unit underneath the sink. Try pressing the button

for 2-5 seconds, then release. Run water and try to turn on the unit again as that may reset it.

How can I remove mineral deposits from by shower head and faucets?

Northeast Florida has a great deal of lime in the water. This will calcify on metal fixtures. Mix equal parts

vinegar and water in a baggie and use a rubber band to affix the baggie to the fixture. Let sit until the

calcification has loosened.

Is a drippy faucet worth fixing?

Drippy faucets can waste up to 150 gallons of water per month.

We service the following areas of northeast Florida: Jacksonville, Jacksonville Beach, Atlantic Beach, Neptune Beach, Ponte Vedra Beach, Fernandina, Amelia Island, Callahan, Yulee, Hillard, Macclenny, St George, St Marys, Kingsland, Orange Park, Middleburg, Green Cove Springs, Penny Farms, St Augustine, Hastings, Palatka, Keystone Heights, Starke, Lake City, Waldo, Baldwin, St Augustine Beach, Crescent Beach, Palm Coast, Daytona, Holly Hill, Titusville, Daytona Shores, Ormond Beach, Bunnell, Deland, Orange City, Port Orange, Orlando, New Smyrna Beach, Sanford, Palm Valley, Fruitcove, Mandarin, Lawtey, St. Augustine Beach, Switzerland, Vilano Beach, Marineland, Flagler Beach, Beverly Beach, Sanderson, and Glen St. Mary.

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Serving the entire Jacksonville area including the following communities:

Argyle Forest
Arlington
Asbury Lake
Avondale
Baldwin
Bayard
Baymeadows
Beauclerc
Bryceville
Callahan
Cecil Field
Cedar Point
Cunningham
Dinsmore
Durkeeville
Five Points
Fruit Cove
Ft Caroline
Golfair
Greater Jacksonville
Herlong
Hidden Hills
Hilliard
Jacksonville
Jacksonville Beach
Jacksonville Heights
Jacksonville International Airport
Julington Creek
Lake Shore
Lakeside
Loretto
Macclenney
Mandarin
Marietta
Maxville
Middleburg
Murray Hill
New Berlin
Nocotee
Northside Jacksonville
Oak Leaf
Ocean Way
Ortega
Palencia
Palm Valley
Pecan Park
Pottsburg Creek
Queens Harbor
Riverside
San Jose
San Marco
Soutel
Southbank
Southpoint
Southside Jacksonville
Springfield
St Johns
St Nicholas
Starke
Switzerland
Talbot Island
Tallyrand
Timuquana
Westside Jacksonville
Whitehouse
World Golf Village
Yulee

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As the largest city in land area in the contiguous United States, Jacksonville is divided both formally and informally into a few large sections. Though most residents divide the city into Northside, Southside, Westside, and—increasingly over the past decade, Arlington—Jacksonville’s official website divides the city into six major sections:[1]

Sections of Jacksonville

Greater Arlington, more commonly known to Jacksonville citizens simply as Arlington, is situated east and south of the St. Johns River and north of Beach Blvd.
North Jacksonville is officially designated by the city website as everything north of the St. Johns & Trout Rivers and east of US 1. Much of this area is known by Jacksonville residents as the Northside, though much of what is called “Northside” does not fall within these boundaries, and much of what falls within these boundaries has not been traditionally known as “Northside”.
Northwest Jacksonville is located north of Interstate 10, south of the Trout River and surrounds the downtown section. The parts of this area between US Highway 1 and the Trout and St. John’s River is usually considered part of either the “Northside” or, alternately, Downtown. Much of this section is actually rural land, not easily classified as part of any section.
Southeast Jacksonville, almost universally known as Southside, refers to everything east of the St. Johns River and south of Beach Blvd.
Southwest Jacksonville makes up most of what is known in Jacksonville as the Westside, though parts of Northwest Jacksonville also are considered part of the “Westside”. It consists of everything west of the St. Johns River and south of Interstate 10.
The Urban Core, most of which is commonly known as Downtown, includes the south & north banks of the narrowest part of the St. Johns River east from the Fuller Warren Bridge and extending roughly 4 miles (6.4 km) north and east.

With the rapid growth in the eastern part of Duval County, the Intracoastal/Beaches/Ponte Vedra area is viewed by many as a major section as well, but is not generally included in a Jacksonville list since they lie outside of the Jacksonville city limits. There is also a distinct part of the city known as “Eastside” which those unfamiliar with Jacksonville’s overall geography sometimes mistakenly regard as one of the major divisions of town, rather than the localized neighborhood which it is.

Today, what distinguishes a “section” of Jacksonville from a “neighborhood” is primarily a matter of size and divisibility. However, definitions are imprecise, and sometimes not universally agreed upon.[2]

Each of these sections not only encompasses a large area, but also, each is divided into many neighborhoods. Each of these neighborhoods, in turn, has its own identity.

Each of these sections is divided into many neighborhoods. Some of these neighborhoods, such as Mandarin and LaVilla, had existed previously as independent towns or villages, prior to consolidation, and have their own histories.
Contents

[hide]

1 Sections

o 1.1 North Jacksonville

§ 1.1.1 Sandalwood

o 1.2 Southeast Jacksonville

§ 1.2.1 Bayard

§ 1.2.2 Baymeadows

§ 1.2.3 Lakewood

§ 1.2.4 Loretto

§ 1.2.5 Mandarin

§ 1.2.6 San Marco

§ 1.2.7 Sunbeam

o 1.3 Southwest Jacksonville

§ 1.3.1 Argyle

§ 1.3.2 Avondale

§ 1.3.3 Cedar Hills

§ 1.3.4 Confederate Point

§ 1.3.5 Lake Shore

§ 1.3.6 Marietta

§ 1.3.7 Normandy

§ 1.3.8 Ortega

§ 1.3.9 Paxon

§ 1.3.10 Riverside

§ 1.3.11 Whitehouse

o 1.4 Northwest Jacksonville

§ 1.4.1 Panama Park

§ 1.4.2 North Shore

o 1.5 Urban core

§ 1.5.1 LaVilla

§ 1.5.2 Southside

§ 1.5.3 Springfield

2 References
3 External links

Sections
North Jacksonville
Sandalwood

The Sandalwood neighborhood began developing in the spring of 1960, midway between downtown Jacksonville and the beaches, or about 6 miles (9.7 km) from each, was advertised in 1960-61 as “On the Southside – halfway between business and pleasure!” The builder-developer, Pearce-Uible, was located at 3850 Beach Blvd.

The original neighborhood was bordered by the then two-lane Atlantic Boulevard on the north, a mile of palmetto and scrub on the south before reaching Beachwood neighborhood and Beach Boulevard, the western part of the neighborhood was bordered by the less than two-lane dirt road named St. John’s Bluff, and the eastern border of the neighborhood was defined by a storm drainage ditch called the Sandalwood Canal. The original streets are named after mostly South Pacific islands and most of the streets are, from north to south, in alphabetical order. The original street names are Aloha Drive; Batavia Drive; Caledonia Drive; Delago Drive; Eniwetok Drive; Fiji Court; Hawaii Drive East; Hawaii Drive South; Indies Drive North; Indies Drive East; Indies Drive South; Java Drive; Kuralei Drive; Mindanao Drive (The main drag); Sandalwood Boulevard (Original main entrance road); Bahia Drive; Dulawan Drive; and Kusaie Drive.

The were eight original home styles named as follows: Aloha; Bahama; Bikini; Caledonia; Del ray; Java; Polynesian; and Waikiki. Free airplane rides over Sandalwood were offered during the grand opening. The entrance and sales office located on Sandalwood Boulevard boasted a winding, palm lined street, and adjacent play area for the children. Homes were priced from $11,400 to $16,000, with monthly payments as low as $67. The original Sandalwood consisted of approximately 500 homes. The first families purchased homes in May and June 1960. Many of the first families were U.S. Navy families who were stationed at the Mayport base and others were employed by CSX railroad.

In the late 1970s, additional construction began at the southern border by the Sofranko Homes company, nearly doubling the size of the neighborhood. Most of the original early 1960s families have moved away over the years, but a handful of the original families are still left from the early 1960s.
Southeast Jacksonville

Neighborhoods include Arrowhead, Avenues, Bayard, Baymeadows, Baymeadows Center, Beach Haven, Beauclerc, Bowden, Brackridge, Brierwood, Craven, Deercreek, Deerwood, Deerwood Center, Del Rio, Englewood, Goodbys Creek, Greenfield Manor, Greenland, Isle of Palms, Julington Creek, Kilarney Shores, Lakewood, Loretto, Mandarin, Mandarin Station, Miramar, Montclair, Pickwick Park, Pine Forrest, Royal Lakes, San Jose, San Jose Forrest, San Marco, Sans Pareil, Sans Souci, Secret Cove, South Riverside, Southpoint, Southwood, Spring Park, Sunbeam, Tiger Hole and Windy Hill.
Bayard

Bayard has a rich history that antedates its inclusion in the municipality of Jacksonville. For more information, see Bayard.
Baymeadows

Baymeadows is a relatively affluent neighborhood centered around Baymeadows Road. It is situated south of Arlington (specifically, south of J. Turner Butler Boulevard) and east of Mandarin. A center for white-collar employment, it is home to many corporate office parks, upscale apartment complexes and residential developments, two private golf courses, several shopping centers and a large shopping mall. Deerwood and Hampton Glen and East Hampton and Reedy Branch Deercreek
Lakewood

Lakewood, which lies in the area where San Jose Blvd. and University Blvd intersect, is a residential area with houses built in the 1950s. It has several churches, two shopping centers, and a plethora of streets named after major private colleges, such as Clemson, Cornell, Fordham, and Emory.
Loretto

Loretto is a distinct part of the greater Mandarin area, and sits between San Jose Boulevard to the west and Philips Highway to the east. It is bordered to the north by Interstate 295 and to the south by the county line. Loretto was formed by the Catholic Diocese of St. Augustine. In the days of Reconstruction, Loretto sprouted up next to the nuns’ convent, dormitory and school. It is on what became Old St. Augustine Road, the highway between Jacksonville and St. Augustine. According to Wayne Wood’s Jacksonville’s Architectural Heritage, the nuns were sent there to educate both the residents and newly freed slaves. The Catholic Church still owns the property on all four corners of the intersection of St. Augustine Road and Loretto/Greenland Roads. The Loretto area public schools always have been highly regarded; on the FCAT, they’re all rated A, B or C. The average price for homes that become available in Loretto is just under $200K. Many homes are built on some of the largest new construction lots in the area and there are a lot of dead-end streets and cul-de-sacs. Over the length of San Jose Boulevard, residents can find just about every merchant, service or restaurant available in the city. Loretto has a solid, hometown feel, with established neighborhoods, parks and nature areas nearby, making it the proverbial middle America.
Mandarin

Mandarin has a rich history that antedates its inclusion in the municipality of Jacksonville. For more information, see Mandarin.
Candidates for the 2010 steward elections are asked to submit their nominations by January 28. Nominate yourself.[Hide]
[Help us with translations!]
Mandarin, Jacksonville, Florida

Mandarin is a neighborhood located in the southern most portion of Jacksonville, in Duval County, Florida, United States. It is located on the eastern banks of the St. Johns River, across from Orange Park. Mandarin was named after the Mandarin orange in 1830 by Calvin Reed, a prominent resident of the area .

Once called “a tropical paradise” by author Harriett Beecher Stowe, the quaint area of Mandarin is marked by its history, ancient oak trees draped with Spanish moss, beautiful parks, marinas and more water views than any other area in Jacksonville. In the 1800s, Mandarin was a small farming village that shipped oranges, grapefruit, lemons and other fruits and vegetables to Jacksonville and points north on the steamships that traveled the St. Johns River. In 1864, the Union steamship, the Maple Leaf, hit a Confederate mine and sank just off Mandarin Point.

While Mandarin now is just a small section of the City of Jacksonville, its natural beauty, parks and historic buildings draw visitors from around the world. Just a short drive south of Jacksonville’s city center, the community is bordered by Beauclerc to the north, Julington Creek to the south and St. John’s River to the west.
Contents

[hide]

1 History

o 1.1 Harriet Beecher Stowe

o 1.2 Famous Residents

o 1.3 20th Century

2 Geography
3 References
4 External links

Tips on Conserving Water

Remove thatch from turf – a thick thatch layer restricts water movement into the soil.
Increase mowing height of lawns – This increased height allows the plant to develop a deeper root system.
Control all weeds – Weeds exhaust water which may be needed to keep plants alive.
Reduce fertilizer applications – Fertilizer promotes growth and will increase the need for water.
Prune. If water supply is so limited that literal survival of plants is in question, appreciable pruning can be done at the peak of the water shortage.
Soil improvement – The addition of organic matter (peat, compost, well-rotted manure, bark, etc.) to sandy soil will increase its water retention and therefore reduce the frequency of watering.
Mulch – Use 2 inches of mulch on annual bed areas and around trees and shrubs.
STRETCH the number of days or weeks between watering to the longest suitable interval.
Soak deeply.
Cull out poor woody plants – Don’t waste water caring for marginal or undesirable plants.
Use waste water free of harmful compounds (Borax, trisodium phosphate, etc.)
Adjust sprinklers to avoid waste to sidewalks, streets, and gutters.
Keep sprinkler heads clean to assure even distribution of water.
Check hose and faucet washers annually

History
Harriet Beecher Stowe

Main article: Palmetto Leaves

In 1867 the famous author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, Harriet Beecher Stowe bought a cottage here. For the next seventeen winters, she welcomed tourists debarking from the steamers making their way down the St. Johns River and charged them 75 cents each to meet her and admire her surroundings.

Stowe, although best known for her novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin about the cruelty of slavery, also wrote about Florida.

She had promised her Boston publisher another novel, but was so taken with northeast Florida that she produced instead a series of sketches of the land and the people which she submitted in 1872 under the title Palmetto Leaves. Her second book did not outsell her first novel, but did have the effect of drawing rich and fashionable tourists to visit her.

In Palmetto Leaves Stowe describes life in Florida in the latter half of the 19th century; “a tumble-down, wild, panicky kind of life—this general happy-go-luckiness which Florida inculcates.” Her idyllic sketches of picnicking, sailing, and river touring expeditions and simple stories of events and people in this tropical “winter summer” land became the first unsolicited promotional writing to interest northern tourists in Florida.[1]

A small chapel is dedicated to Harriet Beecher Stowe in Mandarin.
Famous Residents

The late Allen Collins from the rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd resided some of his last years in Mandarin before he passed. Mandarin was also the location where Allen was involved in a car accident during 1986 that left him paralyzed from the waist down and his girlfriend dead.
20th Century

In 1968, the city of Jacksonville and most of Duval County formed a consolidated municipal unit. As part of this process, Mandarin ceased to exist as a political entity, and became part of the City of Jacksonville.

In 1990, with the rapid growth of Mandarin, a new public high school was opened in the area. Several prominent citizens in Jacksonville urged that the new school be named Harriet Beecher Stowe High School, but the proposal did not receive widespread acceptance, and instead the school was simply named, Mandarin High School.
Geography

Mandarin is located at 30°09′37″N 81°39′34″WCoordinates: 30°09′37″N 81°39′34″W (30.1603, -81.6594).[2] / 30.1603°N 81.6594°W / 30.1603; -81.6594 / 30.1603°N 81.6594°W / 30.1603; -81.6594
References

^ “Palmetto Leaves”. University Press of Florida. http://www.upf.com/Spring1999/stowe.html. Retrieved 2006-09-06.
^ “US Gazetteer files: 2000 and 1990″. United States Census Bureau. 2005-05-03. http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html. Retrieved 2008-01-31.

External links

Map of Mandarin, 1917
Palmetto Leaves
Mandarin Museum & Historical Society

San Marco

San Marco is a relatively small and generally upscale neighborhood located south of Downtown and north of Mandarin. Due to large differences in property value, income distribution, and reported crime statistics in a relatively small area, San Marco is diverse. In one block, residences range from low cost, multi-family dwellings to sprawling riverside mansions. It is an area of historical and cultural significance in Jacksonville, and its inhabitants and proprietors identify strongly with their community.

Known as a trendy area, the most identifying feature of San Marco is “the Square,” an artsy shopping, dining, and entertainment district; its galleries, restaurants, and boutiques are overwhelmingly independently owned, operated, and supported which lends to its vogue. Visitors of the Square are likely to see polite intermingling between young professionals, landed gentry, “scenesters,” and “starving artists.”

Common landmarks are its large statue of three lions and the Art Deco styled San Marco Theater.
Sunbeam

Sunbeam is a relatively new neighborhood centered around Sunbeam Road which runs east/west between Philips Highway and San Jose Boulevard. It is situated south of Baymeadows Road, east of Mandarin and north of the Avenues Mall. The area includes the site of the former Sunbeam Sanitary Landfill which opened in 1972. The dump emitted objectionable odors, which discouraged development nearby. The landfill permit expired in 1986, and the facility stopped accepting garbage. After being covered with a 3-foot (0.91 m) deep cap, which prevents the elements from coming in and waste from coming out, the Florida Department of Environmental Regulation (FDER) certified it closed on October 21, 1992. [3] With the odor problem resolved, development resumed in the middle 1990’s including subdivisions, apartment complexes, commercial buildings and the Community Hospice of Northeast Florida center. A golf course on and around the original landfill was planned and delayed for several years but construction finally began in late 2007 and projected to open in Fall, 2008. However, the financial meltdown delayed opening. At the end of 2009, the course was substantially complete but work on a clubhouse had not commenced.
Southwest Jacksonville

.[4]..[5]. Neighborhoods include Argyle, Avondale, Cedar Hills, Cedar Hills Estates, Chimney Lakes, Confederate Point, Duclay, Duclay Forest, Fairfax, Herlong, Hillcrest, Hyde Park, Jax Farms, Jacksonville Heights, Lakeshore, Maxville, McGirts Creek, Murray Hill, Normandy Manor, Normandy Village, Oak Hill, Ortega, Ortega Farms, Ortega Forest, Ortega Hills, Otis, Riverside, Rolling Hills, Settlers Landing, Sweetwater, Venetia, Wesconnett, Whitehouse, Yukon and West Jacksonville.

The Westside is home to Paxon School for Advanced Studies, which happens to be one of the top schools in the nation by academics since 2003. The Westside is also home to some of the most culturally diverse schools in Duval County to date.
Argyle

One of the newest and largest neighborhoods on Jacksonville’s Westside, and occupying a large area of former ranchland, Argyle has grown rapidly from its beginnings in the mid-1980s. Straddling the Duval/Clay county line, Argyle was originally accessible only from Blanding Boulevard in Orange Park. However, as it has expanded westward, Argyle is now connected to Jacksonville’s far-Westside by a number of roads, including the Brannan Field-Chaffee Road corridor that links I-10 directly with Middleburg. Argyle remains a popular choice for middle-class families that are recently settling in Jacksonville.
Avondale

Historic Avondale lies along the St. John’s River southwest of the Riverside area, some three to four miles (6 km) upriver from downtown Jacksonville. Avondale is known for its quiet, tree-lined residential streets and hundreds of quaint homes, most dating from the early 1920s during the Great Florida Land Boom. A few Avondale homes pre-date 1900. Most homes in the neighborhood reflect the middle to upper income taste in residential architecture of the 1920s, including numerous Prairie School, Art Deco, Craftsman Style, Classical Revival, and Mediterranean Revival styles. Avondale is characterized by numerous bungalows and spacious, graceful homes. Unlike some other neighborhoods, Avondale never experienced a period of decline during the latter 20th Century, and retains much of its original gentility.

Two-lane St. John’s Avenue is the key traffic artery through Avondale, and is the location of the Avondale Shops, a small but vibrant collection of specialty shops, clothing stores, cafes, and upscale restaurants, most of which are located in original 1920s structures.

The Avondale Historic District is a U.S. historic district in Jacksonville, Florida. It is bounded by Roosevelt Boulevard, Belvedere Avenue, Seminole Road, the St. Johns River, and Talbot Avenue, encompasses approximately 2730 acres, and contains 729 historic buildings. On July 6, 1989, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.
Cedar Hills

Cedar Hills lies along the Cedar River (called Cedar Creek by the locals), on the opposite shore from Lake Shore, and stretches from Blanding Boulevard on the east to Lane Avenue to the west. Built in the 1940s, Cedar Hills consists of some 3,000 single-family brick or concrete block homes in seven different residential neighborhoods that are anchored by the Cedar Hills Shopping Center business district. Most of the homes are modest, although many of the homes along the shore of the Cedar River have been greatly expanded, or replaced with much larger homes.
Confederate Point

Built in the 1960s on reclaimed lowlands, technically a small island surrounded by a moat, with one small bridge as access. Confederate Point lies along the Cedar River (called Cedar Creek by the locals), on the opposite shore from Lake Shore. Confederate Point stretches from the Ortega River to the east, to Blanding Boulevard on the West, and is bordered by the Cedar River to the North, and Timaquana Boulevard to the South. The area consists of approximately 300 large, single family homes, and approximately 700 condos and apartments that line the south bank of the Cedar River. All of the single family homes are inland, with the apartments and condos lining the shore of the Cedar River. The area is popular given that it is close to water, and Downtown, yet also exclusive in that there is only one road in or out.
Lake Shore

Built during the time of the first World War, Lake Shore lies on the curving north bank of the Cedar River (called Cedar Creek by the locals), and stretches from Roosevelt Boulevard on the east, to the Cedar River to the West, and is bordered by the Cedar River to the South, and Park Street to the North, and is bisected by Cassat Avenue. Lake Shore consists of approximately 1,000 modest, wood-frame, concrete block or brick homes, with the exception of approximately 80 quite large estates that line the shore of the Cedar River. The neighborhood is anchored by the Roosevelt Plaza on Roosevelt Boulevard, and the Lake Shore business district of stores up and down Cassat Avenue. Lake Shore is centrally located on the Westside, with quick access to Downtown Jacksonville via Roosevelt Boulevard. Given the small size of the existing homes, the current trend is for first time home buyers to renovate and retrofit these well built homes to fit today’s needs. This is a very well maintained pocket of 1940s and 1950s homes. There is a definite trend to renovate and revitalize this quiet, comfortable neighborhood.
Marietta

Marietta is one of the small farming communities that was absorbed during the 1968 consolidation of Jacksonville with Duval County. Though technically a part of the city proper today, much of Marietta still retains its small-town, and even rural “feel”, with some old-style farms and ranches, and most homes occupying lots of 10 acres (40,000 m2) or more, on which they keep horses and cattle, or raise grain and maintain orchards. Marietta is popular with old Southern families, and new families who moved to Jacksonville from mid-western agricultural states. Companies looking for more space have also found Marietta. The area west of Marietta and east of Whitehouse along Beaver Street is now home to the Publix warehouse, Michael’s warehouse and the Winn-Dixie distribution center.
Normandy

Outside of what would eventually become Jacksonville, and originally called “Hogan Settlement”, The Normandy area was settled by Jacksonville’s “Founding Family”, the “Hogan’s” who were the first white settlers in Duval County. The Normandy area is a large swath of forested high-ground that straddles both sides of Normandy Boulevard, and stretches from Cassat Avenue on the East, out to Herlong Airfield on the West, and is bordered by I-10 to the North, and Wilson Road to the South. Though originally populated by the large ranches of many of Duval County’s founding families such as the Hogans, Lindseys, Fourakers, and the Herlongs, the area is now a bedroom community, containing over a dozen large residential neighborhoods such as Normandy, Normandy Village, Rolling Hills, Country Creek, Crystal Springs, Hyde Grove, Hyde Park, etc, with very few apartment complexes or condo developments. These neighborhoods have their own sewer and water plants, and unlike most wood-constructed homes in Jacksonville’s newer neighborhoods, most homes in the Normandy area are constructed of brick, or concrete block. The area is home to some of the city’s best schools, and parks. Unlike other sections of the city, where people tend to move from home to home every 2 or 3 years; homes in the Normandy area are routinely transferred from generation to generation, and it is not unusual for great-grandchildren to live in homes originally built by their great-grandparents.[6].
Ortega

Historic Ortega lies on the St Johns River just south of the historic Riverside area. Ortega is bordered by the St. Johns River on the East, the Cedar River on the North, and the Ortega river on the West, practically making it an “inland island.” The history of the area includes a number of interesting characters: botanist William Bartram; highwayman and cattle rustler Daniel McGirtt; and Don Juan McQueen, who attempted to establish a plantation on his 1791 Ortega land grant, but was forced to leave due to attacks of Georgians and the French. Gangster George “Machine Gun” Kelly and his wife were rumored to be the mysterious couple who abruptly left their rented Grand Avenue home hours before a midnight police raid in 1933. Ortega is home to hundreds of mid-size to large, turn-of-the-century homes and Southern Style mansions. Many of these homes are situated directly on the river, and the nature of the “island” allows ease of access to the waterways for all residents. Along with Avondale and Riverside, Ortega is home to some of the wealthiest of Jacksonville families. It is marked by a distinctly traditional Southern culture complete with one of the South’s most exclusive debutante coiteries. The island is almost exclusively residential, the only exception being a small square in the section known as “Old Ortega” on the northern end where a small collection of restaurants, boutiques, and a pharmacy are found. Ortega, with its giant oaks, waterfront mansions, and series of parks is widely considered one of the most beautiful residential areas of Northeast Florida.
Paxon

Platted in the 1920s and 30’s, the Paxon area is one of the oldest, pre-platted neighborhoods in Jacksonville. Built due to the redistribution of housing after the Great Fire, the Paxon area replaced the many thousands of homes that were destroyed in the Great Fire with thousands of modest, wood-framed homes. The Paxon area was extensively well-planned with its own schools (originally known as Paxon Sr. High School and Paxon Jr. High School, along with a half-dozen small elementary schools). The area straddles Edgewood Avenue South, and stretches from Mcduff Avenue to the East, and I-295 to the West, and is bordered by I-10 to the South, and I-295 to the North. The area originally contained over 40,000 single family homes in over 15 different residential neighborhoods, all anchored by the Edgewood Avenue, and Beaver Street business districts. However, over time, the area declined due to the small average size of the homes, and many of those homes were destroyed, and replaced with warehouses and mixed industry. Despite the new industrialization of the area overall, there are still many thousands of occupied homes in the Paxon area. Paxon Senior High School has been converted into a magnet school—it is now known as Paxon School for Advanced Studies—which has been listed by Forbes Magazine as one of the top three high schools in the United States for the last four years.[citation needed]
Riverside
Whitehouse

The community of Whitehouse was originally founded due to its close proximity to NAS Cecil Field, with most residents being active Navy personnel or civilian employees at the facility. When the federal government closed Cecil Field in 1999, the leaving military workers were replaced by civilian workers at the Cecil Commerce Center. The area east of Whitehouse along Beaver Street is now home to the Publix warehouse, Michael’s warehouse and the Winn-Dixie distribution center, which provide additional employment nearby.
Northwest Jacksonville

A less developed section of Jacksonville, it is primarily commercial/industrial around Interstate 295 and rural residential in most areas. Neighborhoods include: Allendale, Biltmore, Bulls Bay, Carver Manor, Cisco Gardens, College Gardens, Commonwealth, Edgewood, Edgewood Manor, Grand Park, Harborview, Lackawanna, Lake Forrest, Lake Forrest Hills, Lincoln Hills, Magnolia Gardens, Mixon Town, New Town, Osceola Forrest, Panama Park, Picketville, Ribault, Riverview, Robinsons Addition, Royal Terrace, Sherwood Forrest, Tallulah/North Shore, Woodstock, 45th & Chase.
Panama Park

Panama Park was home to two of Jacksonville’s previous mayors, and the founder’s of Duval Spirits, the late J. Baker Bryan and his brother Lon B. Bryan. Oceanway is the home of F. Andy Bryan, Grandson of the late J. Baker Bryan, his great grandson J. Baker Bryan IV, lives in the Orlando area.
North Shore

The North Jacksonville neighborhood of North Shore had Main Street as its eastern border from about 35th Street up to Trout River. Panama Park was the adjoining neighborhood to the east, Norwood to the west and Brentwood to the south. The western border was between Norwood Avenue and Pearl Street, with Elwood Avenue as the western border. North Shore from the 1930s through the 1990s was largely a lower middle income neighborhood that included churches, a school (North Shore Elementary), and some small businesses clustered near Pearl and 54th Streets and at Pearl Street and Tallalah Avenue. The churches included: North Jacksonville Baptist Church, North Shore Methodist Church, North Shore Christian Church and an Episcopal Chapel. Two parks provided playgrounds for its children, including Tallulah Park and another park at the foot of Pearl Street on Trout River. For many years, the latter offered a boat ramp and areas for outdoor cooking and Easter Egg hunts. After graduating from North Shore Elementary School, its young people went on to Kirby-Smith Junior High School (grades 8-9) and Andrew Jackson Senior High School (grades 10-12). The City of Jacksonville built Fire Station Number 15 on the corner of Pearl and 54th Streets in the late 1940s, and it was a frequent hangout for the young people who were hoping that a fire call would provide some excitement as the firemen dashed for their gear and headed out on the ancient old pumper with chain-driven wooden wheels. Boy Scout Troop 222, based at the North Shore Christian Church provided life-changing core values and produced over 50 Eagle Scouts during its many years of service to the community.
Urban core

The central section of Jacksonville has the following neighborhoods: Brentwood, Brooklyn, Downtown, East Jacksonville, Fairfield, Hogans Creek, LaVilla, Longbranch, Midtown, Mid-Westside, Moncrief, Phoenix, Springfield, Southside, Tallyrand and 29th & Chase.
LaVilla

LaVilla has a rich history that antedates its inclusion in the municipality of Jacksonville. For more information, see LaVilla.

Southside

In 1907, the town of South Jacksonville (now the Southside neighborhood) incorporated with a population of some 600. In 1913, 96 South Jacksonville voters approved the issuance of $65,000 in bonds for civic improvements, including a city hall. The building, at 1468 Hendricks Avenue, was completed in 1915 and is one of the few remaining signs that South Jacksonville existed, if only for 25 years. In 1932, the city of Jacksonville annexed the area, and it ceased to exist as a separate government entity.[7]
Springfield

Established in 1869, Springfield has a rich history that antedates its inclusion in the municipality of Jacksonville. For more information, see Springfield.

Nocatee

Nocotee

Nocatee, Florida (pronounced \ˈnäk-ˈā-ˈtē\) is an unincorporated master-planned community in St. Johns County and the extreme southeast corner of Duval County (the city of Jacksonville), Florida, United States.

Nocatee is an approved Development of Regional Impact (DRI) under Section 380.06 of the Florida Statutes[1]. The mixed used development is situated on approximately 13,323 acres (53.92 km2), which 11,332 acres (45.86 km2) are located in northeastern St. Johns County and approximately 1,991 acres (8.06 km2) are located in southeastern Jacksonville, Florida.

Atlanta Beach, Atlantic Beach, Baldwin, Bryceville, Callahan, Cecil Field, Dinsmore, Doctors Lake, Fernandina Beach, Fl, Green Cove Springs, Hillard, Homeside Lending Inc, Jacksonvile Florid, Jacksonvile Lorida, Jacksonville Beach, Jacksonville N A S, Jacksonville Naval Air Stati, Jacksonville Naval Hospital, Jaksonville Floride, Jax, Jax Bch, Jax Naval Air, Jax Naval Hos, Lake Butler, Lawtey, Macclenny, Maxville, Mayport, Mayport Nav S, Mayport Nav Sta, Mayport Naval Housing, Mayport Naval Sta, Mayport Naval Station, Maypt Nav Hou, Middleburg, Mill Cove, Nas Jacksonvle, Nas Jax, Nassaw Fl, Or Some Other Town Near Jacksonville, Orange Park, Ponte Vedra, Ponte Verde Beach, Raiford, Sanderson, St. Augustine, St. George, St. Mary’s, Starke, Yulee, 32099, 32201, 32202, 32203, 32204, 32205, 32206, 32207, 32208, 32209, 32210, 32211, 32212, 32214, 32215, 32216, 32217, 32218, 32219, 32220, 32221, 32222, 32223, 32224, 32225, 32226, 32227, 32228, 32229, 32230, 32231, 32232, 32234, 32235, 32236, 32237, 32238, 32239, 32241, 32244, 32245, 32246, 32247, 32254, 32255, 32256, 32257, 32258, 32260, 32267, 32277, 32290

– Alachua County- Jackson County- Seminole County- Calhoun County- Manatee County- Franklin County- Orange County- DeSoto County- Alachua County- Lake County- Duval County- Palm Beach County- Polk County- Miami-Dade County- Highlands County- Duval County- Miami-Dade County- Polk County- Jackson County- Miami-Dade County- Orange County- Gilchrist County- Pinellas County- Pinellas County- Pinellas County- Pinellas County- Palm Beach County- Orange County- Marion County- Flagler County- Miami-Dade County- Calhoun County- Palm Beach County- Holmes County- Lee County- Hardee County- Palm Beach County- Manatee County- Manatee County- Hillsborough County- Suwannee County- Palm Beach County- Liberty County- Levy County- Bradford County- Hernando CountyFlagler County- Sumter County- Nassau County- Bay County- Jackson County- Brevard County- Lee County- Franklin County- Washington County- Seminole County- Bay County- Levy County- Sumter County- Escambia County- Gadsden County- Levy County- Washington County- Okaloosa County- Pinellas County- Lake County- Hendry County- Palm Beach County- Brevard County-Brevard County- Broward County– Miami-Dade County- Sumter County- Broward County- Miami-Dade County- Broward County- Jackson County- Putnam County- Okaloosa County- Dixie County- Citrus County- Pasco County- Broward County- Polk County- Broward County- Volusia County- Volusia County- Volusia County- Broward County- Walton County– Volusia County- Palm Beach County- Volusia County- Okaloosa County- Polk County- Pinellas County- Marion County- Polk County- Orange CountyWashington County- Volusia County- Orange County- Holmes County- Lake County- Collier County- Gilchrist / Levy County- Indian River County- Nassau County- Flagler County- Miami-Dade County- Broward County- Polk County- Lee County- Lee County- St. Lucie County- Okaloosa County- Columbia County- Walton County- Polk County- Lake County- Alachua County- Palm Beach County- Baker County- Miami-Dade County- Palm Beach County- Jackson County- Jackson County- Palm Beach County- Clay County- Gadsden County- Madison County- Jackson County- Gadsden County- Lake County- Santa Rosa County- Pinellas County- Palm Beach County- Polk County- Broward County- Bradford County- St. Johns County- Gadsden County- Palm Beach County- Alachua County- Miami-Dade County- Miami-Dade County- Alachua County- Palm Beach County- Polk County- Polk County- Broward County- Volusia County- Broward County- Manatee County- Miami-Dade County- Dixie County- Lake County- Palm Beach County- Brevard County- Miami-Dade County- Brevard County- Indian River County- Pinellas County- Pinellas County- Levy County- Putnam County- Citrus County- Miami-Dade County- Jackson County- Duval County- Duval County- Hamilton County- Santa Rosa County- Hamilton County- Palm Beach County- Palm Beach County- Palm Beach County- Martin County- Pinellas County- Miami-Dade County- Monroe County- Monroe County- Clay County- Osceola County- Alachua CountyLake County- Polk County- Orange County- Union County- Columbia County- Palm Beach County- Polk County- Volusia County- Seminole County- Palm Beach County- Highlands County- Polk County- Palm Beach County- Polk County- Palm Beach County- Pinellas County- Broward County- Broward County- Broward County- Okaloosa County- Bradford County- Monroe County- Broward County- Madison County- Lake County- Broward County- Suwannee County- Sarasota County- Seminole County- Pasco County-Bay County- Baker County- Pinellas County- Madison County- Orange County- Brevard County- Jackson County- Palm Beach County- Palm Beach County- Monroe County- Collier County- Broward County- Jackson County- Okaloosa County- Lake County- Lafayette County- Marion County- Miami-Dade County- Brevard County- Brevard County- Brevard County- Bay County- Miami-Dade County- Miami-Dade County– Miami-Dade County-Miami-Dade County- Miami-Dade County- Alachua County- Gadsden County- Santa Rosa County- Lake County- Broward County- Jefferson County- Lake County- Glades County- Lake County- Polk County- Collier County- Duval County- Alachua County- Pasco County- Volusia County- Okaloosa County- Holmes County- Miami-Dade County- Broward County- Miami-Dade County- Miami-Dade County- Palm Beach County- Sarasota County- Pinellas County- Volusia County- Orange County- Broward County- Marion County- Martin County- Palm Beach County- Orange County- Okeechobee County- Pinellas County- Miami-Dade County- Volusia County- Clay County- Indian River County- Orange County- Volusia County- Levy County- Seminole County- Palm Beach County- Putnam County- Brevard County- Palm Beach County- Palm Beach County- Palm Beach County- Flagler CountyPinellas County- Brevard County- Palm Beach County- Manatee County- Bay County- Bay County- Bay County- Broward County- Walton County- Broward County- Broward County- Clay County- Escambia County- Taylor County- Volusia County- Miami-Dade County- Pinellas County- Broward County- Hillsborough County- Polk County- Putnam County- Putnam County- Holmes County- Volusia County- Volusia County- Pasco County- Gulf County- St. Lucie County- Charlotte County- Gadsden County- Union County- Marion County- Pinellas County- Pinellas County- Palm Beach County- Brevard County- Palm Beach County- Pinellas County- Pasco County- Seminole County- Lee County- Sarasota County- Brevard County- Broward County- Indian River County- Highlands County- Pinellas County- Martin County- Okaloosa County- Jackson County- Wakulla County- Palm Beach County- Volusia County- Miami-Dade County- Palm Beach County- Pinellas County- Broward County- Bay County- St. Johns County- St. Johns Beach- Osceola County- Pasco County- St. Lucie County- Wakulla County- Pinellas County- Pinellas County- Bradford County- Martin County- Miami-Dade County- Broward County- Miami-Dade County- Miami-Dade County- Leon County- Broward County- Hillsborough County- Pinellas County- Lake County- Hillsborough County- Palm Beach County- Brevard County- Pinellas County- Gilchrist County- Lake County- Okaloosa County- Sarasota County- Washington County- Indian River County- Miami-Dade County- Alachua County- Hardee County- Washington County- Sumter County- Hernando County- Putnam County- Palm Beach County- Brevard County- Miami-Dade County- Palm Beach County- Broward County- Holmes County- Gulf County- Hamilton County- Sumter County- Levy County- Broward County- Orange County- Orange County- Polk County- Orange County- Seminole County- Union County- Levy County- Pasco CountyZolfo Springs- Hardee County

Florida City County List

Alachua Alford Altamonte Springs Altha Anna Maria Apalachicola Apopka

Arcadia

Archer

Astatula

Atlantic Beach

Atlantis

Auburndale

Aventura

Avon Park

Baldwin

Bal Harbour

Bartow

Bascom

Bay Harbor Islands

Bay Lake

Bell

Belleair

Belleair Beach

Belleiar Bluffs

Belleair Shore

Belle Glade

Belle Isle

Belleview

Beverly Beach

Biscayne Park

Blounstown

Boca Raton

Bonifay

Bonita Springs

Bowling Green

Boynton Beach

Bradenton

Bradenton Beach

Brandon

Branford

Briny Breezes

Bristol

Bronson

Brooker

Brooksville

Bunnell –

Bushnell

Callahan

Callaway

Campbellton

Cape Canaveral

Cape Coral

Carrabelle

Caryville

Casselberry

Cedar Grove

Cedar Key

Center Hill

Century

Chattahoochee

Chiefland

Chipley

Cinco Bayou

Clearwater

Clemont

Clewiston

Cloud Lake

Cocoa

Cocoa Beach

Coconut Creek

Coconut Grove

Coleman

Cooper City

Coral Gables

Coral Springs

Cottondale

Crescent City

Crestview

Cross City

Crystal River

Dade City

Dania Beach

Davenport

Davie

Daytona Beach

Daytona Beach Shores

DeBary

Deerfield Beach

DeFuniak Springs

DeLand

Delray Beach

Deltona

Destin

Dundee

Dunedin

Dunnellon

Eagle Lake

Eatonville

Ebro –

Edgewater

Edgewood

El Portal

Eustis

Everglades City

Fanning Springs

Fellenfere

Fernandina Beach

Flagler Beach

Florida City

Fort Lauderdale

Fort Meade

Fort Myers

Fort Myers Beach

Fort Pierce

Fort Walton Beach

Fort White

Freeport

Frostproof

Fruitland Park

Gainesville

Glen Ridge

Glen St. Mary

Golden Beach

Golf

Graceville

Grand Ridge

Greenacres

Green Cove Springs

Greensboro

Greenville

Greenwood

Gretna

Groveland

Gulf Breeze

Gulfport

Gulf Stream

Haines City

Hallandale Beach

Hampton

Hastings

Havana

Haverhill

Hawthorne

Hialeah

Hialeah Gardens

High Springs

Highland Beach

Highland Park

Hillcrest Heights

Hillsboro Beach

Holly Hill

Hollywood

Holmes Beach

Homestead

Horseshoe Beach

Howey-in-the-Hills

Hypoluxo

Indialantic

Indian Creek

Indian Harbour Beach

Indian River Shores

Indian Rocks Beach

Indian Shores

Inglis

Interlachen

Inverness

Islandia

Jacob City

Jacksonville

Jacksonville Beach

Jasper

Jay

Jennings

Juno Beach

Jupiter

Jupiter Inlet Colony

Jupiter Island

Kenneth City

Key Biscayne

Key Colony Beach

Key West

Keystone Heights

Kissimmee

La Crosse

Lady Lake –

Lake Alfred

Lake Buena Vista

Lake Butler

Lake City

Lake Clarke Shores

Lake Hamilton

Lake Helen

Lake Mary

Lake Park

Lake Placid

Lake Wales

Lake Worth

Lakeland

Lantana

Largo

Lauderdale Lakes

Lauderdale by the Sea

Lauderhill

Laurel Hill

Lawtey

Layton

Lazy Lake

Lee

Leesburg

Lighthouse Point

Live Oak

Longboat Key

Longwood

Lutz

Lynn Haven

Macclenny

Madeira Beach

Madison

Maitland

Malabar

Malone

Manalapan

Mangonia Park

Marathon

Marco Island

Margate

Marianna

Mary Esther

Mascotte

Mayo

McIntosh

Medley

Melbourne

Melbourne Beach

Melbourne Village

Mexico Beach

Miami

Miami Beach

Miami Lakes

Miami Shores Village

Miami Springs

Micanopy

Midway

Milton

Minneola

Miramar

Monticello

Montiverde

Moore Haven

Mount Dora

Mulberry

Naples

Neptune Beach

Newberry

New Port Richey

New Smyrna Beach

Niceville

Noma

North Bay Village

North Lauderdale

North Miami

North Miami Beach

North Palm Beach

North Port

North Redington Beach

Oak Hill

Oakland

Oakland Park

Ocala

Ocean Breeze Park

Ocean Ridge

Ocoee

Okeechobee

Oldsmar

Opa-Locka

Orange City

Orange Park

Orchid

Orlando

Ormond Beach

Otter Creek

Oviedo

Pahokee

Palatka

Palm Bay

Palm Beach

Palm Beach Gardens

Palm Beach Shores

Palm Coast

Palm Harbor –

Palm Shores

Palm Springs

Palmetto

Panama City

Panama City Beach

Parker

Parkland

Paxton

Pembroke Park

Pembroke Pines

Penney Farms

Pensacola

Perry

Pierson

Pinecrest

Pinellas Park

Plantation

Plant City

Polk City

Pomona Park

Pompano Beach

Ponce De Leon

Ponce Inlet

Port Orange

Port Richey

Port St. Joe

Port St. Lucie

Punta Gorda

Quincy

Raiford

Reddick

Redington Beach

Redington Shores

Riviera Beach

Rockledge

Royal Palm Beach

Safety Harbor

San Antonio

Sanford

Sanibel

Sarasota

Satellite Beach

Sea Ranch Lakes

Sebastian

Sebring

Seminole

Sewall’s Point

Shalimar

Sneads

Sopchoppy

South Bay

South Daytona

South Miami

South Palm Beach

South Pasadena

Southwest Ranches

Springfield

St. Augustine

St. Augustine Beach

St. Cloud

St. Leo

St. Lucie Village

St. Marks

St. Pete Beach

St. Petersburg

Starke

Stuart

Sunny Isles Beach

Sunrise

Surfside

Sweetwater

Tallahassee

Tamarac

Tampa

Tarpon Springs

Tavares

Temple Terrace

Tequesta

Titusville

Treasure Island

Trenton

Umatilla

Valparaiso

Venice

Vernon

Vero Beach

Virginia Gardens

Waldo

Wauchula

Wausau

Webster

Weeki Wachee

Welaka

Wellington

West Melbourne

West Miami

West Palm Beach

Weston

Westville

Wewahitchka

White Springs

Wildwood

Williston

Wilton Manors

Windemere

Winter Garden

Winter Haven

Winter Park

Winter Springs

Worthington Springs

Yankeetown

Zephyrhills

201.1 Scope. Unless otherwise expressly stated, the following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this code and standard, have the meanings indicated in this chapter.

201.2 Interchangeability. Words used in the present tense include the future; words in the masculine gender include the feminine and neuter; the singular number includes the plural and the plural, the singular.

201.3 Terms defined in other codes. Where terms are not defined in this code and are defined in the Florida Building Code, Building, Chapter 27 of the Florida Building Code, Building, Florida Fire Prevention Code, Florida Building Code, Mechanical or Florida Building Code, Plumbing, such terms shall have meanings ascribed to them as in those codes.

201.4 Terms not defined. Where terms are not defined through the methods authorized by this section, such terms shall have the meanings as defined in Webster’s Third New International Dictionary of the English Language Unabridged.
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SECTION 202 (IFGC) GENERAL DEFINITIONS

ACCESS (TO). That which enables a device, appliance or equipment to be reached by ready access or by a means that first requires the removal or movement of a panel, door or similar obstruction (see also “Ready access”).

AIR CONDITIONER, GAS-FIRED. A gas-burning, automatically operated appliance for supplying cooled and/or dehumidified air or chilled liquid.

AIR CONDITIONING. The treatment of air so as to control simultaneously the temperature, humidity, cleanness and distribution of the air to meet the requirements of a conditioned space.

AIR, EXHAUST. Air being removed from any space or piece of equipment and conveyed directly to the atmosphere by means of openings or ducts.

AIR-HANDLING UNIT. A blower or fan used for the purpose of distributing supply air to a room, space or area.

AIR, MAKEUP. Air that is provided to replace air being exhausted.

ALTERATION. A change in a system that involves an extension, addition or change to the arrangement, type or purpose of the original installation.

ANODELESS RISER. A transition assembly in which plastic piping is installed and terminated above ground outside of a building.

APPLIANCE (EQUIPMENT). Any apparatus or equipment that utilizes gas as a fuel or raw material to produce light, heat, power, refrigeration or air conditioning.

APPLIANCE, FAN-ASSISTED COMBUSTION. An appliance equipped with an integral mechanical means to either draw or force products of combustion through the combustion chamber or heat exchanger.

APPLIANCE, AUTOMATICALLY CONTROLLED. Appliances equipped with an automatic burner ignition and safety shutoff device and other automatic devices which accomplish complete turn-on and shutoff of the gas to the main burner or burners, and graduate the gas supply to the burner or burners, but do not affect complete shutoff of the gas.

APPLIANCE TYPE.

Low-heat appliance (residential appliance). Any appliance in which the products of combustion at the point of entrance to the flue under normal operating conditions have a temperature of 1,000°F (538°C) or less.

Medium-heat appliance. Any appliance in which the products of combustion at the point of entrance to the flue under normal operating conditions have a temperature of more than 1,000°F (538°C), but not greater than 2,000°F (1093°C).

APPLIANCE, UNVENTED. An appliance designed or installed in such a manner that the products of combustion are not conveyed by a vent or chimney directly to the outside atmosphere.

APPLIANCE, VENTED. An appliance designed and installed in such a manner that all of the products of combustion are conveyed directly from the appliance to the outside atmosphere through an approved chimney or vent system.

APPROVED. Acceptable to the code official or other authority having jurisdiction.

APPROVED AGENCY. An established and recognized agency that is approved by the code official and regularly engaged in conducting tests or furnishing inspection services.

ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE. The pressure of the weight of air and water vapor on the surface of the earth, approximately 14.7 pounds per square inch (psi) (101 kPa absolute) at sea level.

AUTOMATIC IGNITION. Ignition of gas at the burner(s) when the gas controlling device is turned on, including reignition if the flames on the burner(s) have been extinguished by means other than by the closing of the gas controlling device.

BAFFLE. An object placed in an appliance to change the direction of or retard the flow of air, air-gas mixtures or flue gases.

BAROMETRIC DRAFT REGULATOR. A balanced damper device attached to a chimney, vent connector, breeching or flue gas manifold to protect combustion equipment by controlling chimney draft. A double-acting barometric draft regulator is one whose balancing damper is free to move in either direction to protect combustion equipment from both excessive draft and backdraft.

BOILER, LOW-PRESSURE. A self-contained appliance for supplying steam or hot water.

Hot water heating boiler. A boiler in which no steam is generated, from which hot water is circulated for heating purposes and then returned to the boiler, and that operates at water pressures not exceeding 160 pounds per square inch gauge (psig) (1100 kPa gauge) and at water temperatures not exceeding 250°F (121°C) at or near the boiler outlet.

Hot water supply boiler. A boiler, completely filled with water, which furnishes hot water to be used externally to itself, and that operates at water pressures not exceeding 160 psig (1100 kPa gauge) and at water temperatures not exceeding 250°F (121°C) at or near the boiler outlet.

Steam heating boiler. A boiler in which steam is generated and that operates at a steam pressure not exceeding 15 psig (100 kPa gauge).

BRAZING. A metal-joining process wherein coalescence is produced by the use of a nonferrous filler metal having a melting point above 1,000°F (538°C), but lower than that of the base metal being joined. The filler material is distributed between the closely fitted surfaces of the joint by capillary action.

BROILER. A general term including salamanders, barbecues and other appliances cooking primarily by radiated heat, excepting toasters.

BTU. Abbreviation for British thermal unit, which is the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 pound (454 g) of water 1°F (0.56°C) (1 Btu = 1055 J).

BURNER. A device for the final conveyance of the gas, or a mixture of gas and air, to the combustion zone.

Induced-draft. A burner that depends on draft induced by a fan that is an integral part of the appliance and is located downstream from the burner.

Power. A burner in which gas, air or both are supplied at pressures exceeding, for gas, the line pressure, and for air, atmospheric pressure, with this added pressure being applied at the burner.

CHIMNEY. A primarily vertical structure containing one or more flues, for the purpose of carrying gaseous products of combustion and air from an appliance to the outside atmosphere.

Factory-built chimney. A listed and labeled chimney composed of factory-made components, assembled in the field in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions and the conditions of the listing.

Masonry chimney. A field-constructed chimney composed of solid masonry units, bricks, stones or concrete.

Metal chimney. A field-constructed chimney of metal.

CLEARANCE. The minimum distance through air measured between the heat-producing surface of the mechanical appliance, device or equipment and the surface of the combustible material or assembly.

CLOTHES DRYER. An appliance used to dry wet laundry by means of heated air. Dryer classifications are as follows:

Type 1. Factory-built package, multiple production. Primarily used in family living environment. Usually the smallest unit physically and in function output.

Type 2. Factory-built package, multiple production. Used in business with direct intercourse of the function with the public. Not designed for use in individual family living environment.

CODE. These regulations, subsequent amendments thereto or any emergency rule or regulation that the administrative authority having jurisdiction has lawfully adopted.

CODE OFFICIAL. The officer or other designated authority charged with the administration and enforcement of this code, or a duly authorized representative.

COMBUSTION. In the context of this code, refers to the rapid oxidation of fuel accompanied by the production of heat or heat and light.

COMBUSTION AIR. Air necessary for complete combustion of a fuel, including theoretical air and excess air.

COMBUSTION CHAMBER. The portion of an appliance within which combustion occurs.

COMBUSTION PRODUCTS. Constituents resulting from the combustion of a fuel with the oxygen of the air, including inert gases, but excluding excess air.

CONCEALED LOCATION. A location that cannot be accessed without damaging permanent parts of the building structure or finish surface. Spaces above, below or behind readily removable panels or doors shall not be considered as concealed.

CONCEALED PIPING. Piping that is located in a concealed location (see “Concealed location”).

CONDENSATE. The liquid that condenses from a gas (including flue gas) caused by a reduction in temperature or increase in pressure.

CONNECTOR, APPLIANCE (Fuel). Rigid metallic pipe and fittings, semirigid metallic tubing and fittings or a listed and labeled device that connects an appliance to the gas piping system.

CONNECTOR, CHIMNEY OR VENT. The pipe that connects an appliance to a chimney or vent.

CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS. All of the written, graphic and pictorial documents prepared or assembled for describing the design, location and physical characteristics of the elements of the project necessary for obtaining a mechanical permit.

CONTROL. A manual or automatic device designed to regulate the gas, air, water or electrical supply to, or operation of, a mechanical system.

CONVERSION BURNER. A unit consisting of a burner and its controls for installation in an appliance originally utilizing another fuel.

COUNTER APPLIANCES. Appliances such as coffee brewers and coffee urns and any appurtenant water-heating equipment, food and dish warmers, hot plates, griddles, waffle bakers and other appliances designed for installation on or in a counter.

CUBIC FOOT. The amount of gas that occupies 1 cubic foot (0.02832 m3) when at a temperature of 60°F (16°C), saturated with water vapor and under a pressure equivalent to that of 30 inches of mercury (101 kPa).

DAMPER. A manually or automatically controlled device to regulate draft or the rate of flow of air or combustion gases.

DECORATIVE APPLIANCE, VENTED. A vented appliance wherein the primary function lies in the aesthetic effect of the flames.

DECORATIVE APPLIANCES FOR INSTALLATION IN VENTED FIREPLACES. A vented appliance designed for installation within the fire chamber of a vented fireplace, wherein the primary function lies in the aesthetic effect of the flames.

DEMAND. The maximum amount of gas input required per unit of time, usually expressed in cubic feet per hour, or Btu/h (1 Btu/h = 0.2931 W).

DESIGN FLOOD ELEVATION. Reserved.

DILUTION AIR. Air that is introduced into a draft hood and is mixed with the flue gases.

DIRECT-VENT APPLIANCES. Appliances that are constructed and installed so that all air for combustion is derived directly from the outside atmosphere and all flue gases are discharged directly to the outside atmosphere.

DRAFT. The pressure difference existing between the equipment or any component part and the atmosphere, that causes a continuous flow of air and products of combustion through the gas passages of the appliance to the atmosphere.

Mechanical or induced draft. The pressure difference created by the action of a fan, blower or ejector, that is located between the appliance and the chimney or vent termination.

Natural draft. The pressure difference created by a vent or chimney because of its height, and the temperature difference between the flue gases and the atmosphere.

DRAFT HOOD. A nonadjustable device built into an appliance, or made as part of the vent connector from an appliance, that is designed to (1) provide for ready escape of the flue gases from the appliance in the event of no draft, backdraft or stoppage beyond the draft hood, (2) prevent a backdraft from entering the appliance, and (3) neutralize the effect of stack action of the chimney or gas vent upon operation of the appliance.

DRAFT REGULATOR. A device that functions to maintain a desired draft in the appliance by automatically reducing the draft to the desired value.

DRIP. The container placed at a low point in a system of piping to collect condensate and from which the condensate is removable.

DRY GAS. A gas having a moisture and hydrocarbon dew point below any normal temperature to which the gas piping is exposed.

DUCT FURNACE. A warm-air furnace normally installed in an air distribution duct to supply warm air for heating. This definition shall apply only to a warm-air heating appliance that depends for air circulation on a blower not furnished as part of the furnace.

DUCT SYSTEM. A continuous passageway for the transmission of air that, in addition to ducts, includes duct fittings, dampers, plenums, fans and accessory air-handling equipment.

DWELLING UNIT. A single unit providing complete, independent living facilities for one or more persons, including permanent provisions for living, sleeping, eating, cooking and sanitation.

EQUIPMENT. See “Appliance.”

FIREPLACE. A fire chamber and hearth constructed of noncombustible material for use with solid fuels and provided with a chimney.

Masonry fireplace. A hearth and fire chamber of solid masonry units such as bricks, stones, listed masonry units or reinforced concrete, provided with a suitable chimney.

Factory-built fireplace. A fireplace composed of listed factory-built components assembled in accordance with the terms of listing to form the completed fireplace.

FIRING VALVE. A valve of the plug and barrel type designed for use with gas, and equipped with a lever handle for manual operation and a dial to indicate the percentage of opening.

FLAME SAFEGUARD. A device that will automatically shut off the fuel supply to a main burner or group of burners when the means of ignition of such burners becomes inoperative, and when flame failure occurs on the burner or group of burners.

FLOOD HAZARD AREA. Reserved.

FLOOR FURNACE. A completely self-contained furnace suspended from the floor of the space being heated, taking air for combustion from outside such space and with means for observing flames and lighting the appliance from such space.

Gravity type. A floor furnace depending primarily upon circulation of air by gravity. This classification shall also include floor furnaces equipped with booster-type fans which do not materially restrict free circulation of air by gravity flow when such fans are not in operation.

Fan type. A floor furnace equipped with a fan which provides the primary means for circulating air.

FLUE, APPLIANCE. The passage(s) within an appliance through which combustion products pass from the combustion chamber of the appliance to the draft hood inlet opening on an appliance equipped with a draft hood or to the outlet of the appliance on an appliance not equipped with a draft hood.

FLUE COLLAR. That portion of an appliance designed for the attachment of a draft hood, vent connector or venting system.

FLUE GASES. Products of combustion plus excess air in appliance flues or heat exchangers.

FLUE LINER (LINING). A system or material used to form the inside surface of a flue in a chimney or vent, for the purpose of protecting the surrounding structure from the effects of combustion products and for conveying combustion products without leakage to the atmosphere.

FUEL GAS. A natural gas, manufactured gas, liquefied petroleum gas or mixtures of these gases.

FUEL GAS UTILIZATION EQUIPMENT. See “Appliance.”

FURNACE. A completely self-contained heating unit that is designed to supply heated air to spaces remote from or adjacent to the appliance location.

FURNACE, CENTRAL. A self-contained appliance for heating air by transfer of heat of combustion through metal to the air, and designed to supply heated air through ducts to spaces remote from or adjacent to the appliance location.

Downflow furnace. A furnace designed with airflow discharge vertically downward at or near the bottom of the furnace.

Forced air furnace with cooling unit. A single-package unit, consisting of a gas-fired forced-air furnace of one of the types listed below combined with an electrically or fuel gas-powered summer air-conditioning system, contained in a common casing.

Forced-air type. A central furnace equipped with a fan or blower which provides the primary means for circulation of air.

Gravity furnace with booster fan. A furnace equipped with a booster fan that does not materially restrict free circulation of air by gravity flow when the fan is not in operation.

Gravity type. A central furnace depending primarily on circulation of air by gravity.

Horizontal forced-air type. A furnace with airflow through the appliance essentially in a horizontal path.

Multiple-position furnace. A furnace designed so that it can be installed with the airflow discharge in the upflow, horizontal or downflow direction.

Upflow furnace. A furnace designed with airflow discharge vertically upward at or near the top of the furnace. This classification includes “highboy” furnaces with the blower mounted below the heating element and “lowboy” furnaces with the blower mounted beside the heating element.

FURNACE, ENCLOSED. A specific heating, or heating and ventilating, furnace incorporating an integral total enclosure and using only outside air for combustion.

FURNACE PLENUM. An air compartment or chamber to which one or more ducts are connected and which forms part of an air distribution system.

GAS CONVENIENCE OUTLET. A permanently mounted, manually operated device that provides the means for connecting an appliance to, and disconnecting an appliance from, the supply piping. The device includes an integral, manually operated valve with a nondisplaceable valve member and is designed so that disconnection of an appliance only occurs when the manually operated valve is in the closed position.

GASEOUS HYDROGEN SYSTEM. See Section 702.1.

GAS PIPING. An installation of pipe, valves or fittings installed on a premises or in a building and utilized to convey fuel gas.

GAS UTILIZATION EQUIPMENT. An appliance that utilizes gas as a fuel or raw material or both.

HAZARDOUS LOCATION. Any location considered to be a fire hazard for flammable vapors, dust, combustible fibers or other highly combustible substances. The location is not necessarily categorized in the building code as a high-hazard group classification.

HOUSE PIPING. See “Piping system.”

HYDROGEN CUT-OFF ROOM. See Section 702.1.

HYDROGEN GENERATING APPLIANCE. See Section 702.1.

IGNITION PILOT. A pilot that operates during the lighting cycle and discontinues during main burner operation.

IGNITION SOURCE. A flame, spark or hot surface capable of igniting flammable vapors or fumes. Such sources include appliance burners, burner ignitors, and electrical switching devices.

INCINERATOR. An appliance used to reduce combustible refuse material to ashes and which is manufactured, sold and installed as a complete unit.

INDUSTRIAL AIR HEATERS, DIRECT-FIRED NONRECIRCULATING. A heater in which all the products of combustion generated by the burners are released into the air stream being heated. The purpose of the heater is to offset building heat loss by heating only outdoor air.

INDUSTRIAL AIR HEATERS, DIRECT-FIRED RECIRCULATING. A heater in which all the products of combustion generated by the burners are released into the air stream being heated. The purpose of the heater is to offset building heat loss by heating outdoor air, and, if applicable, indoor air.

INFRARED RADIANT HEATER. A heater that directs a substantial amount of its energy output in the form of infrared radiant energy into the area to be heated. Such heaters are of either the vented or unvented type.

JOINT, FLANGED. A joint made by bolting together a pair of flanged ends.

JOINT, FLARED. A metal-to-metal compression joint in which a conical spread is made on the end of a tube that is compressed by a flare nut against a mating flare.

JOINT, MECHANICAL. A general form of gas-tight joints obtained by the joining of metal parts through a positive-holding mechanical construction, such as flanged joint, threaded joint, flared joint or compression joint.

JOINT, PLASTIC ADHESIVE. A joint made in thermoset plastic piping by the use of an adhesive substance which forms a continuous bond between the mating surfaces without dissolving either one of them.

JOINT, PLASTIC HEAT FUSION. A joint made in thermoplastic piping by heating the parts sufficiently to permit fusion of the materials when the parts are pressed together.

JOINT, WELDED. A gas-tight joint obtained by the joining of metal parts in molten state.

LABELED. Devices, equipment, appliances or materials to which have been affixed a label, seal, symbol or other identifying mark of a nationally recognized testing laboratory, inspection agency or other organization concerned with product evaluation that maintains periodic inspection of the production of the above-labeled items and by whose label the manufacturer attests to compliance with applicable nationally recognized standards.

LIMIT CONTROL. A device responsive to changes in pressure, temperature or level for turning on, shutting off or throttling the gas supply to an appliance.

LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS or LPG (LP-GAS). Liquefied petroleum gas composed predominately of propane, propylene, butanes or butylenes, or mixtures thereof that is gaseous under normal atmospheric conditions, but is capable of being liquefied under moderate pressure at normal temperatures.

LISTED. Equipment, appliances or materials included in a list published by a nationally recognized testing laboratory, inspection agency or other organization concerned with product evaluation that maintains periodic inspection of production of listed equipment, appliances or materials, and whose listing states either that the equipment, appliance or material meets nationally recognized standards or has been tested and found suitable for use in a specified manner. The means for identifying listed equipment, appliances or materials may vary for each testing laboratory, inspection agency or other organization concerned with product evaluation, some of which do not recognize equipment, appliances or materials as listed unless they are also labeled. The authority having jurisdiction shall utilize the system employed by the listing organization to identify a listed product.

LIVING SPACE. Space within a dwelling unit utilized for living, sleeping, eating, cooking, bathing, washing and sanitation purposes.

LOG LIGHTER. A manually operated solid fuel ignition appliance for installation in a vented solid fuel-burning fireplace.

LUBRICATED PLUG-TYPE VALVE. A valve of the plug and barrel type provided with means for maintaining a lubricant between the bearing surfaces.

MAIN BURNER. A device or group of devices essentially forming an integral unit for the final conveyance of gas or a mixture of gas and air to the combustion zone, and on which combustion takes place to accomplish the function for which the appliance is designed.

METER. The instrument installed to measure the volume of gas delivered through it.

MODULATING. Modulating or throttling is the action of a control from its maximum to minimum position in either predetermined steps or increments of movement as caused by its actuating medium.

OCCUPANCY. The purpose for which a building, or portion thereof, is utilized or occupied.

OFFSET (VENT). A combination of approved bends that makes two changes in direction bringing one section of the vent out of line but into a line parallel with the other section.

ORIFICE. The opening in a cap, spud or other device whereby the flow of gas is limited and through which the gas is discharged to the burner.

OUTLET. A threaded connection or bolted flange in a pipe system to which a gas-burning appliance is attached.

OXYGEN DEPLETION SAFETY SHUTOFF SYSTEM (ODS). A system designed to act to shut off the gas supply to the main and pilot burners if the oxygen in the surrounding atmosphere is reduced below a predetermined level.

PILOT. A small flame that is utilized to ignite the gas at the main burner or burners.

PIPING. Where used in this code, “piping” refers to either pipe or tubing, or both.

Pipe. A rigid conduit of iron, steel, copper, brass or plastic.

Tubing. Semirigid conduit of copper, aluminum, plastic or steel.

PIPING SYSTEM. All fuel piping, valves and fittings from the outlet of the point of delivery to the outlets of the equipment shutoff valves.

PLASTIC, THERMOPLASTIC. A plastic that is capable of being repeatedly softened by increase of temperature and hardened by decrease of temperature.

POINT OF DELIVERY. For natural gas systems, the point of delivery is the outlet of the service meter assembly or the outlet of the service regulator or service shutoff valve where a meter is not provided. Where a valve is provided at the outlet of the service meter assembly, such valve shall be considered to be downstream of the point of delivery. For undiluted liquefied petroleum gas systems, the point of delivery shall be considered to be the outlet of the first regulator that reduces pressure to 2 psig (13.8 kPag) or less.

PORTABLE FUEL CELL APPLIANCE. A fuel cell generator of electricity, which is not fixed in place. A portable fuel cell appliance utilizes a cord and plug connection to a grid-isolated load and has an integral fuel supply.

PRESSURE DROP. The loss in pressure due to friction or obstruction in pipes, valves, fittings, regulators and burners.

PRESSURE TEST. An operation performed to verify the gas-tight integrity of gas piping following its installation or modification.

PURGE. To free a gas conduit of air or gas, or a mixture of gas and air.

QUICK-DISCONNECT DEVICE. A hand-operated device that provides a means for connecting and disconnecting an appliance or an appliance connector to a gas supply and that is equipped with an automatic means to shut off the gas supply when the device is disconnected.

READY ACCESS (TO). That which enables a device, appliance or equipment to be directly reached, without requiring the removal or movement of any panel, door or similar obstruction (see “Access”).

REGISTERED DESIGN PROFESSIONAL. An individual who is registered or licensed to practice their respective design profession as defined by the statutory requirements of the professional registration laws of the state or jurisdiction in which the project is to be constructed.

REGULATOR. A device for controlling and maintaining a uniform gas supply pressure, either pounds-to-pounds, pounds-to-inches water column or inches-to-inches water column (appliance regulator).

REGULATOR, GAS APPLIANCE. A pressure regulator for controlling pressure to the manifold of equipment. Types of appliance regulators are as follows:

Adjustable.

1. Spring type, limited adjustment. A regulator in which the regulating force acting upon the diaphragm is derived principally from a spring, the loading of which is adjustable over a range of not more than 15 percent of the outlet pressure at the midpoint of the adjustment range.

2. Spring type, standard adjustment. A regulator in which the regulating force acting upon the diaphragm is derived principally from a spring, the loading of which is adjustable. The adjustment means shall be concealed.

Multistage. A regulator for use with a single gas whose adjustment means is capable of being positioned manually or automatically to two or more predetermined outlet pressure settings. Each of these settings shall be adjustable or nonadjustable. The regulator may modulate outlet pressures automatically between its maximum and minimum predetermined outlet pressure settings.

Nonadjustable.

1. Spring type, nonadjustable. A regulator in which the regulating force acting upon the diaphragm is derived principally from a spring, the loading of which is not field adjustable.

2. Weight type. A regulator in which the regulating force acting upon the diaphragm is derived from a weight or combination of weights.

REGULATOR, LINE GAS PRESSURE. A device placed in a gas line between the service pressure regulator and the equipment for controlling, maintaining or reducing the pressure in that portion of the piping system downstream of the device.

REGULATOR, MEDIUM-PRESSURE (MP Regulator). A line pressure regulator that reduces gas pressure from the range of greater than 0.5 psig (3.4 kPa) and less than or equal to 5 psig (34.5 kPa) to a lower pressure.

REGULATOR, PRESSURE. A device placed in a gas line for reducing, controlling and maintaining the pressure in that portion of the piping system downstream of the device.

REGULATOR, SERVICE PRESSURE. A device installed by the serving gas supplier to reduce and limit the service line pressure to delivery pressure.

RELIEF OPENING. The opening provided in a draft hood to permit the ready escape to the atmosphere of the flue products from the draft hood in the event of no draft, back draft, or stoppage beyond the draft hood, and to permit air into the draft hood in the event of a strong chimney updraft.

RELIEF VALVE (DEVICE). A safety valve designed to forestall the development of a dangerous condition by relieving either pressure, temperature or vacuum in the hot water supply system.

RELIEF VALVE, PRESSURE. An automatic valve that opens and closes a relief vent, depending on whether the pressure is above or below a predetermined value.

RELIEF VALVE, TEMPERATURE.

Reseating or self-closing type. An automatic valve that opens and closes a relief vent, depending on whether the temperature is above or below a predetermined value.

Manual reset type. A valve that automatically opens a relief vent at a predetermined temperature and that must be manually returned to the closed position.

RELIEF VALVE, VACUUM. A valve that automatically opens and closes a vent for relieving a vacuum within the hot water supply system, depending on whether the vacuum is above or below a predetermined value.

RISER, GAS. A vertical pipe supplying fuel gas to a meter assembly or a pressure regulator.

ROOM HEATER, UNVENTED. See “Unvented room heater.”

ROOM HEATER, VENTED. A free-standing heating unit used for direct heating of the space in and adjacent to that in which the unit is located (see also “Vented room heater”).

ROOM LARGE IN COMPARISON WITH SIZE OF EQUIPMENT. Rooms having a volume equal to at least 12 times the total volume of a furnace or air-conditioning appliance and at least 16 times the total volume of a boiler. Total volume of the appliance is determined from exterior dimensions and is to include fan compartments and burner vestibules, when used. When the actual ceiling height of a room is greater than 8 feet (2438 mm), the volume of the room is figured on the basis of a ceiling height of 8 feet (2438 mm).

SAFETY SHUTOFF DEVICE. See “Flame safeguard.”

SHAFT. An enclosed space extending through one or more stories of a building, connecting vertical openings in successive floors, or floors and the roof.

SLEEPING UNIT. A room or space in which people sleep, which can also include permanent provisions for living, eating and either sanitation or kitchen facilities, but not both. Such rooms and spaces that are also part of a dwelling unit are not sleeping units.

SPECIFIC GRAVITY. As applied to gas, specific gravity is the ratio of the weight of a given volume to that of the same volume of air, both measured under the same condition.

STATIONARY FUEL CELL POWER PLANT. A self-contained package or factory-matched packages which constitute an automatically operated assembly of integrated systems for generating electrical energy and recoverable thermal energy that is permanently connected and fixed in place.

THERMOSTAT.

Electric switch type. A device that senses changes in temperature and controls electrically, by means of separate components, the flow of gas to the burner(s) to maintain selected temperatures.

Integral gas valve type. An automatic device, actuated by temperature changes, designed to control the gas supply to the burner(s) in order to maintain temperatures between predetermined limits, and in which the thermal actuating element is an integral part of the device.

1. Graduating thermostat. A thermostat in which the motion of the valve is approximately in direct proportion to the effective motion of the thermal element induced by temperature change.

2. Snap-acting thermostat. A thermostat in which the thermostatic valve travels instantly from the closed to the open position, and vice versa.

TRANSITION FITTINGS, PLASTIC TO STEEL. An adapter for joining plastic pipe to steel pipe. The purpose of this fitting is to provide a permanent, pressure-tight connection between two materials which cannot be joined directly one to another.

UNIT HEATER.

High-static pressure type. A self-contained, automatically controlled, vented appliance having integral means for circulation of air against 0.2 inch (15 mm H2O) or greater static pressure. Such appliance is equipped with provisions for attaching an outlet air duct and, where the appliance is for indoor installation remote from the space to be heated, is also equipped with provisions for attaching an inlet air duct.

Low-static pressure type. A self-contained, automatically controlled, vented appliance, intended for installation in the space to be heated without the use of ducts, having integral means for circulation of air. Such units are allowed to be equipped with louvers or face extensions made in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications.

UNLISTED BOILER. A boiler not listed by a nationally recognized testing agency.

UNVENTED ROOM HEATER. An unvented heating appliance designed for stationary installation and utilized to provide comfort heating. Such appliances provide radiant heat or convection heat by gravity or fan circulation directly from the heater and do not utilize ducts.

UTILITY GASES. Natural gas, manufactured gas, liquefied petroleum gas-air mixture or mixtures of any of these gases.

VALVE. A device used in piping to control the gas supply to any section of a system of piping or to an appliance.

Automatic. An automatic or semiautomatic device consisting essentially of a valve and operator that control the gas supply to the burner(s) during operation of an appliance. The operator shall be actuated by application of gas pressure on a flexible diaphragm, by electrical means, by mechanical means, or by other approved means.

Automatic gas shutoff. A valve used in conjunction with an automatic gas shutoff device to shut off the gas supply to a water-heating system. It shall be constructed integrally with the gas shutoff device or shall be a separate assembly.

Equipment shutoff. A valve located in the piping system, used to isolate individual equipment for purposes such as service or replacement.

Individual main burner. A valve that controls the gas supply to an individual main burner.

Main burner control. A valve that controls the gas supply to the main burner manifold.

Manual main gas-control. A manually operated valve in the gas line for the purpose of completely turning on or shutting off the gas supply to the appliance, except to pilot or pilots that are provided with independent shutoff.

Manual reset. An automatic shutoff valve installed in the gas supply piping and set to shut off when unsafe conditions occur. The device remains closed until manually reopened.

Service shutoff. A valve, installed by the serving gas supplier between the service meter or source of supply and the customer piping system, to shut off the entire piping system.

VENT. A pipe or other conduit composed of factory-made components, containing a passageway for conveying combustion products and air to the atmosphere, listed and labeled for use with a specific type or class of appliance.

Special gas vent. A vent listed and labeled for use with listed Category II, III and IV appliances.

Type B vent. A vent listed and labeled for use with appliances with draft hoods and other Category I appliances that are listed for use with Type B vents.

Type BW vent. A vent listed and labeled for use with wall furnaces.

Type L vent. A vent listed and labeled for use with appliances that are listed for use with Type L or Type B vents.

VENT CONNECTOR. See “Connector.”

VENT GASES. Products of combustion from appliances plus excess air plus dilution air in the vent connector, gas vent or chimney above the draft hood or draft regulator.

VENT PIPING

Breather. Piping run from a pressure-regulating device to the outdoors, designed to provide a reference to atmospheric pressure. If the device incorporates an integral pressure relief mechanism, a breather vent can also serve as a relief vent.

Relief. Piping run from a pressure-regulating or pressure-limiting device to the outdoors, designed to provide for the safe venting of gas in the event of excessive pressure in the gas piping system.

VENTED APPLIANCE CATEGORIES. Appliances that are categorized for the purpose of vent selection are classified into the following four categories:

Category I. An appliance that operates with a nonpositive vent static pressure and with a vent gas temperature that avoids excessive condensate production in the vent.

Category II. An appliance that operates with a nonpositive vent static pressure and with a vent gas temperature that is capable of causing excessive condensate production in the vent.

Category III. An appliance that operates with a positive vent static pressure and with a vent gas temperature that avoids excessive condensate production in the vent.

Category IV. An appliance that operates with a positive vent static pressure and with a vent gas temperature that is capable of causing excessive condensate production in the vent.

VENTED ROOM HEATER. A vented self-contained, free-standing, nonrecessed appliance for furnishing warm air to the space in which it is installed, directly from the heater without duct connections.

VENTED WALL FURNACE. A self-contained vented appliance complete with grilles or equivalent, designed for incorporation in or permanent attachment to the structure of a building, mobile home or travel trailer, and furnishing heated air circulated by gravity or by a fan directly into the space to be heated through openings in the casing. This definition shall exclude floor furnaces, unit heaters and central furnaces as herein defined.

VENTING SYSTEM. A continuous open passageway from the flue collar or draft hood of an appliance to the outside atmosphere for the purpose of removing flue or vent gases. A venting system is usually composed of a vent or a chimney and vent connector, if used, assembled to form the open passageway.

Mechanical draft venting system. A venting system designed to remove flue or vent gases by mechanical means, that consists of an induced draft portion under nonpositive static pressure or a forced draft portion under positive static pressure.

Forced-draft venting system. A portion of a venting system using a fan or other mechanical means to cause the removal of flue or vent gases under positive static vent pressure.

Induced draft venting system. A portion of a venting system using a fan or other mechanical means to cause the removal of flue or vent gases under nonpositive static vent pressure.

Natural draft venting system. A venting system designed to remove flue or vent gases under nonpositive static vent pressure entirely by natural draft.

WALL HEATER, UNVENTED-TYPE. A room heater of the type designed for insertion in or attachment to a wall or partition. Such heater does not incorporate concealed venting arrangements in its construction and discharges all products of combustion through the front into the room being heated.

WATER HEATER. Any heating appliance or equipment that heats potable water and supplies such water to the potable hot water distribution system.

All the zip codes we service

Zip Code / City / Area Code
33122 Air Mail Facility ( 305/786 )
32615 Alachua ( 386 )
32616 Alachua ( 386 )
32816 Alafaya ( 407/321/689 )
32820 Alafaya ( 407/321/689 )
32825 Alafaya ( 407/321/689 )
32826 Alafaya ( 407/321/689 )
32828 Alafaya ( 407/321/689 )
32831 Alafaya ( 407/321/689 )
32833 Alafaya ( 407/321/689 )
32834 Alafaya ( 407/321/689 )
32878 Alafaya ( 407/321/689 )
32420 Alford ( 850 )
32123 Allandale ( 386 )
32346 Alligator Point ( 850 )
32792 Aloma ( 407/321/689 )
32701 Altamonte Springs ( 407/321/689 )
32714 Altamonte Springs ( 407/321/689 )
32715 Altamonte Springs ( 407/321/689 )
32716 Altamonte Springs ( 407/321/689 )
32421 Altha ( 850 )
32702 Altoona ( 352 )
33820 Alturas ( 863 )
33920 Alva ( 239 )
32461 Alys Beach ( 850 )
32034 Amelia City ( 904 )
32034 Amelia Island ( 904 )
32035 Amelia Village ( 904 )
33336 American Express ( 954/754 )
33337 American Express ( 954/754 )
32885 Amsouth ( 407/321/689 )
32080 Anastasia Island ( 904 )
34216 Anna Maria ( 941 )
32617 Anthony ( 352 )
32320 Apalachicola ( 850 )
32329 Apalachicola ( 850 )
33572 Apollo Beach ( 813 )
32703 Apopka ( 407/321/689 )
32704 Apopka ( 407/321/689 )
32712 Apopka ( 407/321/689 )
34265 Arcadia ( 863 )
34266 Arcadia ( 863 )
34269 Arcadia ( 863 )
32618 Archer ( 352 )
32422 Argyle ( 850 )
34679 Aripeka ( 813 )
32033 Armstrong ( 904 )
34705 Astatula ( 352 )
32102 Astor ( 352 )
32233 Atlantic Bch ( 904 )
32224 Atlantic Beach ( 904 )
32233 Atlantic Beach ( 904 )
33462 Atlantis ( 561 )
33823 Auburndale ( 863 )
34142 Ave Maria ( 239 )
34143 Ave Maria ( 239 )
33160 Aventura ( 305/786 )
33180 Aventura ( 305/786 )
33280 Aventura ( 305/786 )
33825 Avon Park ( 863 )
33826 Avon Park ( 863 )
32807 Azalea Park ( 407/321/689 )
34211 B’TON ( 941 )
33827 Babson Park ( 863 )
32530 Bagdad ( 850 )
32531 Baker ( 850 )
33154 Bal Harbour ( 305/786 )
32234 Baldwin ( 904 )
33503 Balm ( 813 )
32105 Barberville ( 386 )
32976 Barefoot Bay ( 321 )
34134 Barefoot Bch ( 239 )
34134 Barefoot Beach ( 239 )
33161 Barry University ( 305/786 )
33830 Bartow ( 863 )
33831 Bartow ( 863 )
32423 Bascom ( 850 )
34972 Basinger ( 863 )
33154 Bay Harbor Island ( 305/786 )
33154 Bay Harbor Islands ( 305/786 )
32821 Bay Lake ( 407/321/689 )
33744 Bay Pines ( 727 )
34667 Bayonet Point ( 727 )
34207 Bayshore Gardens ( 941 )
32619 Bell ( 352 )
33430 Belle Glade ( 561 )
32809 Belle Isle ( 407/321/689 )
32812 Belle Isle ( 407/321/689 )
33756 Belleair ( 727 )
33785 Belleair Bch ( 727 )
33786 Belleair Bch ( 727 )
33785 Belleair Beach ( 727 )
33786 Belleair Beach ( 727 )
33770 Belleair Bluff ( 727 )
33770 Belleair Bluffs ( 727 )
33786 Belleair Shores ( 727 )
33786 Belleair Shrs ( 727 )
34420 Belleview ( 352 )
34421 Belleview ( 352 )
32526 Bellview ( 850 )
34464 Beverly Hills ( 352 )
34465 Beverly Hills ( 352 )
33043 Big Pine Key ( 305/786 )
33042 Big Torch Key ( 305/786 )
33161 Biscayne Park ( 305/786 )
33181 Biscayne Park ( 305/786 )
33261 Biscayne Park ( 305/786 )
32424 Blountstown ( 850 )
33921 Boca Grande ( 239 )
33427 Boca Raton ( 561 )
33428 Boca Raton ( 561 )
33429 Boca Raton ( 561 )
33431 Boca Raton ( 561 )
33432 Boca Raton ( 561 )
33433 Boca Raton ( 561 )
33434 Boca Raton ( 561 )
33464 Boca Raton ( 561 )
33481 Boca Raton ( 561 )
33486 Boca Raton ( 561 )
33487 Boca Raton ( 561 )
33488 Boca Raton ( 561 )
33496 Boca Raton ( 561 )
33497 Boca Raton ( 561 )
33498 Boca Raton ( 561 )
33499 Boca Raton ( 561 )
33922 Bokeelia ( 239 )
33326 Bonaventure ( 954/754 )
32425 Bonifay ( 850 )
34134 Bonita Beach ( 239 )
34133 Bonita Springs ( 239 )
34134 Bonita Springs ( 239 )
34135 Bonita Springs ( 239 )
34136 Bonita Springs ( 239 )
32007 Bostwick ( 386 )
33834 Bowling Green ( 863 )
33424 Boynton Beach ( 561 )
33425 Boynton Beach ( 561 )
33426 Boynton Beach ( 561 )
33435 Boynton Beach ( 561 )
33436 Boynton Beach ( 561 )
33437 Boynton Beach ( 561 )
33472 Boynton Beach ( 561 )
33473 Boynton Beach ( 561 )
33474 Boynton Beach ( 561 )
32064 Boys Ranch ( 386 )
34211 Brad ( 941 )
34201 Braden River ( 941 )
34203 Braden River ( 941 )
34204 Braden River ( 941 )
34211 Braden River ( 941 )
34201 Bradenton ( 941 )
34202 Bradenton ( 941 )
34203 Bradenton ( 941 )
34204 Bradenton ( 941 )
34205 Bradenton ( 941 )
34206 Bradenton ( 941 )
34207 Bradenton ( 941 )
34208 Bradenton ( 941 )
34209 Bradenton ( 941 )
34210 Bradenton ( 941 )
34211 Bradenton ( 941 )
34212 Bradenton ( 941 )
34280 Bradenton ( 941 )
34281 Bradenton ( 941 )
34282 Bradenton ( 941 )
34217 Bradenton Bch ( 941 )
34218 Bradenton Bch ( 941 )
34217 Bradenton Beach ( 941 )
34218 Bradenton Beach ( 941 )
34211 Bradington ( 941 )
33835 Bradley ( 863 )
33508 Brandon ( 813 )
33509 Brandon ( 813 )
33510 Brandon ( 813 )
33511 Brandon ( 813 )
32008 Branford ( 386 )
33231 Brickell ( 305/786 )
33435 Briny Breezes ( 561 )
32321 Bristol ( 850 )
32621 Bronson ( 352 )
32622 Brooker ( 352 )
34601 Brooksville ( 352 )
34602 Brooksville ( 352 )
34603 Brooksville ( 352 )
34604 Brooksville ( 352 )
34605 Brooksville ( 352 )
34606 Brooksville ( 352 )
34607 Brooksville ( 352 )
34608 Brooksville ( 352 )
34609 Brooksville ( 352 )
34610 Brooksville ( 352 )
34611 Brooksville ( 352 )
34613 Brooksville ( 352 )
34614 Brooksville ( 352 )
33388 Broward Mall ( 954/754 )
32455 Bruce ( 850 )
33438 Bryant ( 561 )
33439 Bryant ( 561 )
32009 Bryceville ( 904 )
34743 Buena Ventura Lakes ( 407/321/689 )
32110 Bunnell ( 386 )
33513 Bushnell ( 352 )
33633 Business Reply ( 813 )
34743 BVL ( 407/321/689 )
33158 C Gables ( 305/786 )
33234 C Gables ( 305/786 )
32011 Callahan ( 904 )
32404 Callaway ( 850 )
32426 Campbellton ( 850 )
33438 Canal Point ( 561 )
33439 Canal Point ( 561 )
32925 Canaveral Air Station ( 321 )
32925 Canaveral As ( 321 )
32111 Candler ( 352 )
32533 Cantonment ( 850 )
32920 Cape Canaveral ( 321 )
33904 Cape Coral ( 239 )
33909 Cape Coral ( 239 )
33910 Cape Coral ( 239 )
33914 Cape Coral ( 239 )
33915 Cape Coral ( 239 )
33990 Cape Coral ( 239 )
33991 Cape Coral ( 239 )
33993 Cape Coral ( 239 )
33910 Cape Coral S ( 239 )
33910 Cape Coral South ( 239 )
33946 Cape Haze ( 941 )
33947 Cape Haze ( 941 )
32456 Cape San Blas ( 850 )
33924 Captiva ( 239 )
33239 Carl Fisher ( 305/786 )
33055 Carol City ( 305/786 )
33056 Carol City ( 305/786 )
32322 Carrabelle ( 850 )
33618 Carrollwood ( 813 )
33625 Carrollwood ( 813 )
33688 Carrollwood ( 813 )
32425 Caryville ( 850 )
32427 Caryville ( 850 )
32706 Cassadaga ( 386 )
32707 Casselberry ( 407/321/689 )
32708 Casselberry ( 407/321/689 )
32718 Casselberry ( 407/321/689 )
32719 Casselberry ( 407/321/689 )
32730 Casselberry ( 407/321/689 )
32215 Cecil Field ( 904 )
34205 Cedar Hammock ( 941 )
32625 Cedar Key ( 352 )
34747 Celebration ( 407/321/689 )
33514 Center Hill ( 352 )
33514 Centerhill ( 352 )
32308 Centerville ( 850 )
32309 Centerville ( 850 )
32317 Centerville ( 850 )
32535 Century ( 850 )
33896 Champions Gate ( 863 )
33896 Champions GT ( 863 )
33029 Chapel Lakes ( 954/754 )
32324 Chattahoochee ( 850 )
32626 Chiefland ( 352 )
32644 Chiefland ( 352 )
32428 Chipley ( 850 )
32578 Choctaw Beach ( 850 )
34138 Chokoloskee ( 239 )
32709 Christmas ( 407/321/689 )
32766 Chuluota ( 407/321/689 )
32113 Citra ( 352 )
34442 Citrus Hills ( 352 )
32966 Citrus Ridge ( 772 )
32968 Citrus Ridge ( 772 )
32969 Citrus Ridge ( 772 )
34433 Citrus Springs ( 352 )
34434 Citrus Springs ( 352 )
32521 City of Pensacola ( 850 )
33313 City of Sunrise ( 954/754 )
33619 Clair Mel ( 813 )
33619 Clair Mel City ( 813 )
32710 Clarcona ( 407/321/689 )
32430 Clarksville ( 850 )
33755 Clearwater ( 727 )
33756 Clearwater ( 727 )
33757 Clearwater ( 727 )
33758 Clearwater ( 727 )
33759 Clearwater ( 727 )
33760 Clearwater ( 727 )
33761 Clearwater ( 727 )
33762 Clearwater ( 727 )
33763 Clearwater ( 727 )
33764 Clearwater ( 727 )
33765 Clearwater ( 727 )
33766 Clearwater ( 727 )
33767 Clearwater ( 727 )
33769 Clearwater ( 727 )
33767 Clearwater Beach ( 727 )
34711 Clermont ( 352 )
34712 Clermont ( 352 )
34713 Clermont ( 352 )
34714 Clermont ( 352 )
34715 Clermont ( 352 )
34713 Clermont South Branch Postal ( 352 )
34714 Clermont South Branch Postal ( 352 )
34715 Clermont South Branch Postal ( 352 )
33440 Clewiston ( 863 )
33406 Cloud Lake ( 561 )
34108 Coco River ( 239 )
32922 Cocoa ( 321 )
32923 Cocoa ( 321 )
32924 Cocoa ( 321 )
32926 Cocoa ( 321 )
32927 Cocoa ( 321 )
32931 Cocoa Beach ( 321 )
32932 Cocoa Beach ( 321 )
33063 Coconut Creek ( 954/754 )
33066 Coconut Creek ( 954/754 )
33073 Coconut Creek ( 954/754 )
33093 Coconut Creek ( 954/754 )
33097 Coconut Creek ( 954/754 )
33233 Coconut Gr ( 305/786 )
33133 Coconut Grove ( 305/786 )
33134 Coconut Grove ( 305/786 )
33146 Coconut Grove ( 305/786 )
33093 CoconutCreek ( 954/754 )
33521 Coleman ( 352 )
33001 Conch Key ( 305/786 )
33050 Conch Key ( 305/786 )
33024 Cooper City ( 954/754 )
33026 Cooper City ( 954/754 )
33328 Cooper City ( 954/754 )
33329 Cooper City ( 954/754 )
33330 Cooper City ( 954/754 )
34137 Copeland ( 239 )
33145 Coral ( 305/786 )
33114 Coral Gables ( 305/786 )
33124 Coral Gables ( 305/786 )
33133 Coral Gables ( 305/786 )
33134 Coral Gables ( 305/786 )
33143 Coral Gables ( 305/786 )
33144 Coral Gables ( 305/786 )
33145 Coral Gables ( 305/786 )
33146 Coral Gables ( 305/786 )
33156 Coral Gables ( 305/786 )
33158 Coral Gables ( 305/786 )
33234 Coral Gables ( 305/786 )
33158 Coral Gbls ( 305/786 )
33234 Coral Gbls ( 305/786 )
33065 Coral Springs ( 954/754 )
33067 Coral Springs ( 954/754 )
33071 Coral Springs ( 954/754 )
33073 Coral Springs ( 954/754 )
33075 Coral Springs ( 954/754 )
33076 Coral Springs ( 954/754 )
33077 Coral Springs ( 954/754 )
34215 Cortez ( 941 )
32431 Cottondale ( 850 )
33170 Country Lakes ( 305/786 )
33177 Country Lakes ( 305/786 )
33187 Country Lakes ( 305/786 )
32920 Cpe Canaveral ( 321 )
32326 Crawfordville ( 850 )
32327 Crawfordville ( 850 )
34242 Crescent Beach ( 941 )
32112 Crescent City ( 386 )
32531 Crestview ( 850 )
32536 Crestview ( 850 )
32539 Crestview ( 850 )
32628 Cross City ( 352 )
32640 Cross Creek ( 352 )
33037 Cross Key ( 305/786 )
33186 Crossings ( 305/786 )
34681 Crystal Beach ( 727 )
34423 Crystal River ( 352 )
34428 Crystal River ( 352 )
34429 Crystal River ( 352 )
33524 Crystal Springs ( 813 )
33042 Cudjoe Key ( 305/786 )
33157 Cutler Bay ( 305/786 )
33189 Cutler Bay ( 305/786 )
33190 Cutler Bay ( 305/786 )
33157 Cutler Ridge ( 305/786 )
33170 Cutler Ridge ( 305/786 )
33189 Cutler Ridge ( 305/786 )
33190 Cutler Ridge ( 305/786 )
32432 Cypress ( 850 )
33884 Cypress Gardens ( 863 )
33884 Cypress Gdns ( 863 )
33523 Dade City ( 352 )
33525 Dade City ( 352 )
33526 Dade City ( 352 )
33004 Dania ( 954/754 )
33312 Dania ( 954/754 )
33004 Dania Beach ( 954/754 )
33312 Dania Beach ( 954/754 )
33314 Dania Beach ( 954/754 )
33836 Davenport ( 863 )
33837 Davenport ( 863 )
33896 Davenport ( 863 )
33897 Davenport ( 863 )
33024 Davie ( 954/754 )
33312 Davie ( 954/754 )
33314 Davie ( 954/754 )
33317 Davie ( 954/754 )
33324 Davie ( 954/754 )
33325 Davie ( 954/754 )
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33328 Davie ( 954/754 )
33329 Davie ( 954/754 )
33330 Davie ( 954/754 )
33331 Davie ( 954/754 )
33332 Davie ( 954/754 )
33355 Davie ( 954/754 )
32013 Day ( 386 )
32116 Dayt Bch Sh ( 386 )
32118 Dayt Bch Sh ( 386 )
32114 Daytona Beach ( 386 )
32115 Daytona Beach ( 386 )
32116 Daytona Beach ( 386 )
32117 Daytona Beach ( 386 )
32118 Daytona Beach ( 386 )
32119 Daytona Beach ( 386 )
32120 Daytona Beach ( 386 )
32121 Daytona Beach ( 386 )
32122 Daytona Beach ( 386 )
32123 Daytona Beach ( 386 )
32124 Daytona Beach ( 386 )
32125 Daytona Beach ( 386 )
32126 Daytona Beach ( 386 )
32198 Daytona Beach ( 386 )
32116 Daytona Beach Shores ( 386 )
32118 Daytona Beach Shores ( 386 )
32130 De Leon Springs ( 386 )
32713 Debary ( 386 )
32753 Debary ( 407/321/689 )
32778 Deer Island ( 352 )
33441 Deerfield Bch ( 954/754 )
33442 Deerfield Bch ( 954/754 )
33443 Deerfield Bch ( 954/754 )
33064 Deerfield Beach ( 954/754 )
33069 Deerfield Beach ( 954/754 )
33073 Deerfield Beach ( 954/754 )
33441 Deerfield Beach ( 954/754 )
33442 Deerfield Beach ( 954/754 )
33443 Deerfield Beach ( 954/754 )
32433 Defuniak Springs ( 850 )
32435 Defuniak Springs ( 850 )
32720 Deland ( 386 )
32721 Deland ( 386 )
32722 Deland ( 386 )
32723 Deland ( 386 )
32724 Deland ( 386 )
33444 Delray Beach ( 561 )
33445 Delray Beach ( 561 )
33446 Delray Beach ( 561 )
33448 Delray Beach ( 561 )
33482 Delray Beach ( 561 )
33483 Delray Beach ( 561 )
33484 Delray Beach ( 561 )
32725 Deltona ( 407/321 )
32728 Deltona ( 407/321 )
32738 Deltona ( 407/321 )
32739 Deltona ( 407/321/689 )
32540 Destin ( 850 )
32541 Destin ( 850 )
32550 Destin ( 850 )
32542 Dfafs ( 850 )
32219 Dinsmore ( 904 )
32030 Doctors Inlet ( 904 )
32784 Dona Vista ( 352 )
33122 Doral ( 305/786 )
33126 Doral ( 305/786 )
33166 Doral ( 305/786 )
33172 Doral ( 305/786 )
33178 Doral ( 305/786 )
33182 Doral ( 305/786 )
33122 Doral Branch ( 305/786 )
33172 Doral Branch ( 305/786 )
33527 Dover ( 813 )
32060 Dowling Park ( 386 )
32064 Dowling Park ( 386 )
33147 Dr Martin Luther King Jr ( 305/786 )
33050 Duck Key ( 305/786 )
34219 Duette ( 941 )
32542 Duke Field AFS ( 850 )
33838 Dundee ( 863 )
34697 Dunedin ( 727 )
34698 Dunedin ( 727 )
34430 Dunnellon ( 352 )
34431 Dunnellon ( 352 )
34432 Dunnellon ( 352 )
34433 Dunnellon ( 352 )
34434 Dunnellon ( 352 )
33530 Durant ( 813 )
33839 Eagle Lake ( 863 )
32631 Earleton ( 352 )
33994 East Fort Myers ( 239 )
32131 East Palatka ( 386 )
32328 East Point ( 850 )
33040 East Rockland Key ( 305/786 )
33040 East Rockland Ky ( 305/786 )
32133 Eastlake Weir ( 352 )
32328 Eastpoint ( 850 )
32403 Eastside ( 850 )
32404 Eastside ( 850 )
33840 Eaton Park ( 863 )
32751 Eatonville ( 407/321/689 )
32934 Eau Gallie ( 321 )
32936 Eau Gallie ( 321 )
32437 Ebro ( 850 )
32149 Edgar ( 386 )
32132 Edgewater ( 386 )
32141 Edgewater ( 386 )
32809 Edgewood ( 407/321/689 )
32839 Edgewood ( 407/321/689 )
32559 Educ Dev Ctr Corresp ( 850 )
32542 Eglin ( 850 )
32542 Eglin AFB ( 850 )
33927 El Jobean ( 941 )
33138 El Portal ( 305/786 )
33150 El Portal ( 305/786 )
34680 Elfers ( 727 )
32542 Elgin ( 850 )
32542 Elgin AFB ( 850 )
32033 Elkton ( 904 )
34222 Ellenton ( 941 )
33880 Eloise ( 863 )
34223 Englewood ( 941 )
34224 Englewood ( 941 )
34295 Englewood ( 941 )
34223 Englewood Beach ( 941 )
32725 Enterprise ( 407/321 )
33928 Estero ( 239 )
33929 Estero ( 239 )
32425 Esto ( 850 )
32726 Eustis ( 352 )
32727 Eustis ( 352 )
32736 Eustis ( 352 )
34139 Everglades ( 239 )
33331 Everglades Br ( 954/754 )
33332 Everglades Br ( 954/754 )
34139 Everglades City ( 239 )
33030 Everglades National Park ( 305/786 )
32633 Evinston ( 352 )
33901 F M ( 239 )
32634 Fairfield ( 352 )
32693 Fanning Springs ( 352 )
33194 Father Felix Varela ( 305/786 )
33854 Fedhaven ( 863 )
33930 Felda ( 863 )
32948 Fellsmere ( 772 )
32730 Fern Park ( 407/321/689 )
32034 Fernandina ( 904 )
32035 Fernandina ( 904 )
32034 Fernandina Beach ( 904 )
32035 Fernandina Beach ( 904 )
34729 Ferndale ( 407/321/689 )
33001 Fiesta Key ( 305/786 )
33394 Financial Plaza ( 954/754 )
33109 Fisher Island ( 305/786 )
33139 Fisher Island ( 305/786 )
32035 Five Points Hamilton ( 904 )
32198 Fl Reg Lib Bl ( 386 )
32198 Fl Regional Library for Blin ( 386 )
32395 Fl State Lot ( 850 )
32313 Fl State University Student ( 850 )
32136 Flagler Beach ( 386 )
32143 Flagler Beach ( 386 )
33034 Flamingo Ldge ( 305/786 )
33034 Flamingo Lodge ( 305/786 )
32003 Fleming Island ( 904 )
32006 Fleming Island ( 904 )
32003 Fleming Isle ( 904 )
32006 Fleming Isle ( 904 )
32686 Flemington ( 352 )
33199 Flinternational University ( 305/786 )
32140 Florahome ( 386 )
34436 Floral City ( 352 )
33885 Florence Vill ( 863 )
33881 Florence Villa ( 863 )
33885 Florence Villa ( 863 )
32307 Florida A & M ( 850 )
32307 Florida A and M University ( 850 )
33034 Florida City ( 305/786 )
33035 Florida City ( 305/786 )
32026 Florida Dept of Corrections ( 386 )
33965 Florida Gulf Coast University ( 239 )
33199 Florida International University ( 305/786 )
33188 Florida Power & Light Co ( 305/786 )
32313 Florida State ( 850 )
32395 Florida State Lottery ( 850 )
32306 Florida State University ( 850 )
32313 Florida State University ( 850 )
32306 Florida State University Admin ( 850 )
33901 FMY ( 239 )
32714 Forest City ( 407/321/689 )
33952 Fort Charlotte ( 941 )
33935 Fort Denaud ( 863 )
33040 Fort Jefferson National Mon ( 305/786 )
33301 Fort Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33302 Fort Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33303 Fort Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33304 Fort Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33305 Fort Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33306 Fort Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33307 Fort Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33308 Fort Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33309 Fort Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33310 Fort Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33311 Fort Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33312 Fort Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33313 Fort Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33314 Fort Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33315 Fort Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33316 Fort Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33317 Fort Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33318 Fort Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33319 Fort Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33320 Fort Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33321 Fort Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33322 Fort Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33323 Fort Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33324 Fort Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33325 Fort Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33326 Fort Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33327 Fort Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33328 Fort Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33329 Fort Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33330 Fort Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33331 Fort Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33332 Fort Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33334 Fort Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33335 Fort Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33336 Fort Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33337 Fort Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33338 Fort Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33339 Fort Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33340 Fort Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33345 Fort Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33346 Fort Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33348 Fort Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33349 Fort Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33351 Fort Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33355 Fort Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33359 Fort Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33388 Fort Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33394 Fort Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
32134 Fort Mc Coy ( 352 )
33841 Fort Meade ( 863 )
33900 Fort Myers ( 239 )
33901 Fort Myers ( 239 )
33902 Fort Myers ( 239 )
33903 Fort Myers ( 239 )
33905 Fort Myers ( 239 )
33906 Fort Myers ( 239 )
33907 Fort Myers ( 239 )
33908 Fort Myers ( 239 )
33911 Fort Myers ( 239 )
33912 Fort Myers ( 239 )
33913 Fort Myers ( 239 )
33916 Fort Myers ( 239 )
33917 Fort Myers ( 239 )
33918 Fort Myers ( 239 )
33919 Fort Myers ( 239 )
33965 Fort Myers ( 239 )
33966 Fort Myers ( 239 )
33967 Fort Myers ( 239 )
33990 Fort Myers ( 239 )
33993 Fort Myers ( 239 )
33994 Fort Myers ( 239 )
33931 Fort Myers Bch ( 239 )
33932 Fort Myers Bch ( 239 )
33931 Fort Myers Beach ( 239 )
33932 Fort Myers Beach ( 239 )
34267 Fort Ogden ( 863 )
34945 Fort Pierce ( 772 )
34946 Fort Pierce ( 772 )
34947 Fort Pierce ( 772 )
34948 Fort Pierce ( 772 )
34949 Fort Pierce ( 772 )
34950 Fort Pierce ( 772 )
34951 Fort Pierce ( 772 )
34952 Fort Pierce ( 772 )
34953 Fort Pierce ( 772 )
34954 Fort Pierce ( 772 )
34979 Fort Pierce ( 772 )
34981 Fort Pierce ( 772 )
34982 Fort Pierce ( 772 )
34983 Fort Pierce ( 772 )
34984 Fort Pierce ( 772 )
34985 Fort Pierce ( 772 )
34986 Fort Pierce ( 772 )
34987 Fort Pierce ( 772 )
34988 Fort Pierce ( 772 )
32547 Fort Walton Bch ( 850 )
32548 Fort Walton Bch ( 850 )
32549 Fort Walton Bch ( 850 )
32547 Fort Walton Beach ( 850 )
32548 Fort Walton Beach ( 850 )
32549 Fort Walton Beach ( 850 )
32038 Fort White ( 386 )
32438 Fountain ( 850 )
32439 Freeport ( 850 )
33843 Frostproof ( 863 )
32259 Fruit Cove ( 904 )
34731 Fruitland Park ( 352 )
33158 Gables ( 305/786 )
33234 Gables ( 305/786 )
33156 Gables by the Sea ( 305/786 )
32601 Gainesville ( 352 )
32602 Gainesville ( 352 )
32603 Gainesville ( 352 )
32604 Gainesville ( 352 )
32605 Gainesville ( 352 )
32606 Gainesville ( 352 )
32607 Gainesville ( 352 )
32608 Gainesville ( 352 )
32609 Gainesville ( 352 )
32610 Gainesville ( 352 )
32611 Gainesville ( 352 )
32612 Gainesville ( 352 )
32613 Gainesville ( 352 )
32614 Gainesville ( 352 )
32627 Gainesville ( 352 )
32635 Gainesville ( 352 )
32641 Gainesville ( 352 )
32653 Gainesville ( 352 )
32896 GE Capital ( 407/321/689 )
32732 Geneva ( 407/321/689 )
32139 Georgetown ( 386 )
33805 Gibsonia ( 863 )
33534 Gibsonton ( 813 )
33406 Glen Ridge ( 561 )
32040 Glen Saint Mary ( 904 )
32040 Glen St Mary ( 904 )
32720 Glenwood ( 386 )
32722 Glenwood ( 386 )
33160 Golden Beach ( 305/786 )
34116 Golden Gate ( 239 )
33008 Golden Isles ( 954/754 )
33009 Golden Isles ( 954/754 )
33008 Golden Isles Postal Store ( 954/754 )
32733 Goldenrod ( 407/321/689 )
32560 Gonzalez ( 850 )
34746 Good Samaritan ( 407/321/689 )
34140 Goodland ( 239 )
34734 Gotha ( 407/321/689 )
33170 Goulds ( 305/786 )
32440 Graceville ( 850 )
32042 Graham ( 352 )
32735 Grand Island ( 352 )
32442 Grand Ridge ( 850 )
32413 Grande Pointe ( 850 )
32138 Grandin ( 386 )
32909 Grant ( 321 )
32949 Grant ( 321 )
32950 Grant ( 321 )
32909 Grant Valkaria ( 321 )
32949 Grant Valkaria ( 321 )
32950 Grant Valkaria ( 321 )
32909 Grant Vlkria ( 321 )
32949 Grant Vlkria ( 321 )
32950 Grant Vlkria ( 321 )
33050 Grassy Key ( 305/786 )
33413 Green Acres ( 561 )
33415 Green Acres ( 561 )
33454 Green Acres ( 561 )
33463 Green Acres ( 561 )
33467 Green Acres ( 561 )
32043 Green Cove Springs ( 904 )
32043 Green Cv Springs ( 904 )
33413 Greenacres ( 561 )
33415 Greenacres ( 561 )
33454 Greenacres ( 561 )
33463 Greenacres ( 561 )
33467 Greenacres ( 561 )
32330 Greensboro ( 850 )
32331 Greenville ( 850 )
32443 Greenwood ( 850 )
32332 Gretna ( 850 )
34224 Grove City ( 941 )
34736 Groveland ( 352 )
34737 Groveland ( 352 )
32561 Gulf Breeze ( 850 )
32562 Gulf Breeze ( 850 )
32563 Gulf Breeze ( 850 )
32566 Gulf Breeze ( 850 )
32639 Gulf Hammock ( 352 )
32520 Gulf Power ( 850 )
33483 Gulf Stream ( 561 )
33707 Gulfport ( 727 )
33711 Gulfport ( 727 )
33844 Haines City ( 863 )
33845 Haines City ( 863 )
34788 Haines Creek ( 352 )
33008 Hallandale ( 954/754 )
33009 Hallandale ( 954/754 )
33009 Hallandale Beach ( 954/754 )
33009 Halndle Bch ( 954/754 )
32044 Hampton ( 904 )
34773 Harmony ( 407/321/689 )
32919 Harris Corp ( 321 )
32919 Harris Corporation ( 321 )
32145 Hastings ( 904 )
32333 Havana ( 850 )
33409 Haverhill ( 561 )
33415 Haverhill ( 561 )
33417 Haverhill ( 561 )
33422 Haverhill ( 561 )
32640 Hawthorne ( 352 )
32887 HBJ ( 407/321/689 )
32746 Heathrow ( 407/321/689 )
34442 Hernando ( 352 )
34607 Hernando Bch ( 352 )
34607 Hernando Beach ( 352 )
33002 Hialeah ( 305/786 )
33010 Hialeah ( 305/786 )
33011 Hialeah ( 305/786 )
33012 Hialeah ( 305/786 )
33013 Hialeah ( 305/786 )
33014 Hialeah ( 305/786 )
33015 Hialeah ( 305/786 )
33016 Hialeah ( 305/786 )
33017 Hialeah ( 305/786 )
33018 Hialeah ( 305/786 )
33010 Hialeah Gardens ( 305/786 )
33016 Hialeah Gardens ( 305/786 )
33018 Hialeah Gardens ( 305/786 )
33016 Hialeah Gdns ( 305/786 )
33018 Hialeah Gdns ( 305/786 )
33014 Hialeah Lakes ( 305/786 )
33015 Hialeah Lakes ( 305/786 )
32818 Hiawassee ( 407/321/689 )
32643 High Springs ( 386 )
32655 High Springs ( 386 )
33487 Highland Bch ( 561 )
33487 Highland Beach ( 561 )
33846 Highland City ( 863 )
33081 Hillcrest ( 954/754 )
32046 Hilliard ( 904 )
33062 Hillsboro Bch ( 954/754 )
33062 Hillsboro Beach ( 954/754 )
33455 Hobe Sound ( 772 )
33475 Hobe Sound ( 772 )
34445 Holder ( 352 )
34690 Holiday ( 727 )
34691 Holiday ( 727 )
34692 Holiday ( 727 )
32147 Hollister ( 386 )
32117 Holly Hill ( 386 )
32125 Holly Hill ( 386 )
33019 Hollywood ( 954/754 )
33020 Hollywood ( 954/754 )
33021 Hollywood ( 954/754 )
33022 Hollywood ( 954/754 )
33023 Hollywood ( 954/754 )
33024 Hollywood ( 954/754 )
33025 Hollywood ( 954/754 )
33026 Hollywood ( 954/754 )
33027 Hollywood ( 954/754 )
33028 Hollywood ( 954/754 )
33029 Hollywood ( 954/754 )
33081 Hollywood ( 954/754 )
33082 Hollywood ( 954/754 )
33083 Hollywood ( 954/754 )
33084 Hollywood ( 954/754 )
33312 Hollywood ( 954/754 )
33314 Hollywood ( 954/754 )
33316 Hollywood ( 954/754 )
33332 Hollywood ( 954/754 )
34217 Holmes Beach ( 941 )
34218 Holmes Beach ( 941 )
32564 Holt ( 850 )
33729 Home Shopping ( 727 )
33650 Home Shopping Club ( 813 )
33847 Homeland ( 863 )
33030 Homestead ( 305/786 )
33031 Homestead ( 305/786 )
33032 Homestead ( 305/786 )
33033 Homestead ( 305/786 )
33034 Homestead ( 305/786 )
33035 Homestead ( 305/786 )
33039 Homestead ( 305/786 )
33090 Homestead ( 305/786 )
33092 Homestead ( 305/786 )
33039 Homestead AFB ( 305/786 )
33039 Homestead Air Force Base ( 305/786 )
34446 Homosassa ( 352 )
34448 Homosassa ( 352 )
34487 Homosassa ( 352 )
34447 Homosassa Springs ( 352 )
32648 Horseshoe Bch ( 352 )
32648 Horseshoe Beach ( 352 )
32334 Hosford ( 850 )
32887 Houghton Mifflin Harcourt ( 407/321/689 )
34737 Howey In Hls ( 352 )
34797 Howey In Hls ( 352 )
34737 Howey in the Hills ( 352 )
34797 Howey in the Hills ( 352 )
34667 Hudson ( 727 )
34669 Hudson ( 727 )
34674 Hudson ( 727 )
32544 Hurlburt Field ( 850 )
34949 Hutchinson Island ( 772 )
33462 Hypoluxo ( 561 )
34142 Immokalee ( 239 )
34143 Immokalee ( 239 )
33154 Ind Crk Village ( 305/786 )
32937 Ind Hbr Bch ( 321 )
32903 Indialantic ( 321 )
33154 Indian Creek ( 305/786 )
33154 Indian Creek Village ( 305/786 )
32937 Indian Harbour Beach ( 321 )
33855 Indian Lake Estates ( 863 )
33855 Indian Lk Est ( 863 )
32963 Indian River Shores ( 772 )
33785 Indian Rk Bch ( 727 )
33786 Indian Rk Bch ( 727 )
33785 Indian Rks Beach ( 727 )
33786 Indian Rks Beach ( 727 )
33785 Indian Rocks Beach ( 727 )
33786 Indian Rocks Beach ( 727 )
33785 Indian Shores ( 727 )
34956 Indiantown ( 772 )
32937 Indn Hbr Bch ( 321 )
32963 Indn Riv Shrs ( 772 )
34223 Inglewood ( 941 )
34224 Inglewood ( 941 )
34295 Inglewood ( 941 )
34449 Inglis ( 352 )
32413 Inlet Beach ( 850 )
33848 Intercession City ( 407/321/689 )
32907 Interchange Square ( 321 )
32148 Interlachen ( 386 )
32149 Interlachen ( 386 )
33112 International Service Center ( 305/786 )
33848 Intrcsion City ( 407/321/689 )
34450 Inverness ( 352 )
34451 Inverness ( 352 )
34452 Inverness ( 352 )
34453 Inverness ( 352 )
33319 Inverrary ( 954/754 )
32686 Irvine ( 352 )
33036 Islamorada ( 305/786 )
33070 Islamorada ( 305/786 )
32654 Island Grove ( 352 )
34636 Istachatta ( 352 )
32099 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32201 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32202 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32203 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32204 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32205 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32206 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32207 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32208 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32209 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32210 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32211 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32212 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32214 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32215 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32216 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32217 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32218 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32219 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32220 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32221 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32222 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32223 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32224 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32225 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32226 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32227 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32228 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32229 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32230 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32231 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32232 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32233 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32234 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32235 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32236 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32237 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32238 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32239 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32240 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32241 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32244 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32245 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32246 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32247 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32250 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32254 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32255 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32256 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32257 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32258 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32259 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32260 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32266 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32277 Jacksonville ( 904 )
32227 Jacksonville Beach ( 904 )
32240 Jacksonville Beach ( 904 )
32250 Jacksonville Beach ( 904 )
32212 Jacksonville N A S ( 904 )
32212 Jacksonville Naval Air Stati ( 904 )
32214 Jacksonville Naval Hospital ( 904 )
32431 Jacob ( 850 )
32052 Jasper ( 386 )
32201 JAX ( 904 )
32202 JAX ( 904 )
32203 JAX ( 904 )
32204 JAX ( 904 )
32205 JAX ( 904 )
32206 JAX ( 904 )
32207 JAX ( 904 )
32208 JAX ( 904 )
32209 JAX ( 904 )
32210 JAX ( 904 )
32211 JAX ( 904 )
32212 JAX ( 904 )
32214 JAX ( 904 )
32215 JAX ( 904 )
32216 JAX ( 904 )
32217 JAX ( 904 )
32218 JAX ( 904 )
32219 JAX ( 904 )
32220 JAX ( 904 )
32221 JAX ( 904 )
32222 JAX ( 904 )
32223 JAX ( 904 )
32224 JAX ( 904 )
32225 JAX ( 904 )
32226 JAX ( 904 )
32227 JAX ( 904 )
32228 JAX ( 904 )
32229 JAX ( 904 )
32230 JAX ( 904 )
32231 JAX ( 904 )
32232 JAX ( 904 )
32233 JAX ( 904 )
32234 JAX ( 904 )
32235 JAX ( 904 )
32236 JAX ( 904 )
32237 JAX ( 904 )
32238 JAX ( 904 )
32239 JAX ( 904 )
32240 JAX ( 904 )
32241 JAX ( 904 )
32244 JAX ( 904 )
32245 JAX ( 904 )
32246 JAX ( 904 )
32247 JAX ( 904 )
32250 JAX ( 904 )
32254 JAX ( 904 )
32255 JAX ( 904 )
32256 JAX ( 904 )
32257 JAX ( 904 )
32258 JAX ( 904 )
32259 JAX ( 904 )
32260 JAX ( 904 )
32266 JAX ( 904 )
32277 JAX ( 904 )
32227 JAX Bch ( 904 )
32240 JAX Bch ( 904 )
32250 JAX Bch ( 904 )
32250 JAX Beach ( 904 )
32212 JAX Naval AIR ( 904 )
32214 JAX Naval Hos ( 904 )
32565 Jay ( 850 )
32359 Jena ( 352 )
32053 Jennings ( 386 )
34957 Jensen Beach ( 772 )
34958 Jensen Beach ( 772 )
34141 Jerome ( 239 )
33708 Johns Pass ( 727 )
32669 Jonesville ( 352 )
33880 JPV ( 863 )
32259 Julington Creek ( 904 )
32259 Julington Crk ( 904 )
33408 Juno Beach ( 561 )
33458 Jupiter ( 561 )
33468 Jupiter ( 561 )
33469 Jupiter ( 561 )
33477 Jupiter ( 561 )
33478 Jupiter ( 561 )
33469 Jupiter Inlet ( 561 )
33469 Jupiter Inlet Colony ( 561 )
33849 Kathleen ( 863 )
34739 Kenansville ( 407/321/689 )
33156 Kendall ( 305/786 )
33158 Kendall ( 305/786 )
33173 Kendall ( 305/786 )
33176 Kendall ( 305/786 )
33183 Kendall ( 305/786 )
33186 Kendall ( 305/786 )
33193 Kendall ( 305/786 )
33196 Kendall ( 305/786 )
33256 Kendall ( 305/786 )
33283 Kendall ( 305/786 )
33296 Kendall ( 305/786 )
32815 Kennedy Sp Ct ( 321 )
32899 Kennedy Sp Ct ( 321 )
32815 Kennedy Space Center ( 321 )
32899 Kennedy Space Center ( 321 )
33709 Kenneth City ( 727 )
33149 Key Biscayne ( 305/786 )
33051 Key Col Bch ( 305/786 )
33051 Key Colony Beach ( 305/786 )
33037 Key Largo ( 305/786 )
33040 Key West ( 305/786 )
33041 Key West ( 305/786 )
33045 Key West ( 305/786 )
33040 Key West Nas ( 305/786 )
33040 Key West Naval Air Station ( 305/786 )
32656 Keystone Heights ( 352 )
32656 Keystone Hgts ( 352 )
33261 Keystone Islands ( 305/786 )
34740 Killarney ( 407/321/689 )
32449 Kinard ( 850 )
32091 Kingsley Lake ( 904 )
34741 Kissimmee ( 407/321/689 )
34742 Kissimmee ( 407/321/689 )
34743 Kissimmee ( 407/321/689 )
34744 Kissimmee ( 407/321/689 )
34745 Kissimmee ( 407/321/689 )
34746 Kissimmee ( 407/321/689 )
34747 Kissimmee ( 407/321/689 )
34758 Kissimmee ( 407/321/689 )
34759 Kissimmee ( 863 )
32091 Kngsly Lake ( 904 )
33041 Ky Wst ( 305/786 )
33935 La Belle ( 863 )
32658 La Crosse ( 386 )
33935 Labelle ( 863 )
33975 Labelle ( 863 )
33537 Lacoochee ( 352 )
32158 Lady Lake ( 352 )
32159 Lady Lake ( 352 )
32162 Lady Lake ( 352 )
32163 Lady Lake ( 352 )
33850 Lake Alfred ( 863 )
32830 Lake Buena Vis ( 407/321/689 )
32830 Lake Buena Vista ( 407/321/689 )
32054 Lake Butler ( 386 )
32061 Lake Butler ( 386 )
32024 Lake City ( 386 )
32025 Lake City ( 386 )
32055 Lake City ( 386 )
32056 Lake City ( 386 )
33406 Lake Clarke ( 561 )
33406 Lake Clarke Shores ( 561 )
32157 Lake Como ( 386 )
32160 Lake Geneva ( 352 )
33851 Lake Hamilton ( 863 )
33459 Lake Harbor ( 561 )
32744 Lake Helen ( 386 )
32746 Lake Mary ( 407/321/689 )
32795 Lake Mary ( 407/321/689 )
32747 Lake Monroe ( 407/321/689 )
33538 Lake Panasoffke ( 352 )
33538 Lake Panasoffkee ( 352 )
33403 Lake Park ( 561 )
33852 Lake Placid ( 863 )
33862 Lake Placid ( 863 )
34266 Lake Suzy ( 863 )
34269 Lake Suzy ( 863 )
33853 Lake Wales ( 863 )
33854 Lake Wales ( 863 )
33855 Lake Wales ( 863 )
33856 Lake Wales ( 863 )
33859 Lake Wales ( 863 )
33867 Lake Wales ( 863 )
33898 Lake Wales ( 863 )
33449 Lake Worth ( 561 )
33454 Lake Worth ( 561 )
33460 Lake Worth ( 561 )
33461 Lake Worth ( 561 )
33462 Lake Worth ( 561 )
33463 Lake Worth ( 561 )
33465 Lake Worth ( 561 )
33466 Lake Worth ( 561 )
33467 Lake Worth ( 561 )
33801 Lakeland ( 863 )
33802 Lakeland ( 863 )
33803 Lakeland ( 863 )
33804 Lakeland ( 863 )
33805 Lakeland ( 863 )
33806 Lakeland ( 863 )
33807 Lakeland ( 863 )
33809 Lakeland ( 863 )
33810 Lakeland ( 863 )
33811 Lakeland ( 863 )
33812 Lakeland ( 863 )
33813 Lakeland ( 863 )
33815 Lakeland ( 863 )
33854 Lakeshore ( 863 )
34202 Lakewood Ranch ( 941 )
34203 Lakewood Ranch ( 941 )
34211 Lakewood Ranch ( 941 )
34212 Lakewood Ranch ( 941 )
34240 Lakewood Ranch ( 941 )
34202 Lakewood Rch ( 941 )
34203 Lakewood Rch ( 941 )
34211 Lakewood Rch ( 941 )
34212 Lakewood Rch ( 941 )
34240 Lakewood Rch ( 941 )
32336 Lamont ( 850 )
32323 Lanark Village ( 850 )
34637 Land O Lakes ( 813 )
34638 Land O Lakes ( 813 )
34639 Land O Lakes ( 813 )
34639 Land O’ Lakes ( 813 )
33460 Lantana ( 561 )
33462 Lantana ( 561 )
33465 Lantana ( 561 )
33770 Largo ( 727 )
33771 Largo ( 727 )
33772 Largo ( 727 )
33773 Largo ( 727 )
33774 Largo ( 727 )
33775 Largo ( 727 )
33776 Largo ( 727 )
33777 Largo ( 727 )
33778 Largo ( 727 )
33779 Largo ( 727 )
33308 Laud By Sea ( 954/754 )
33062 Laud By The Sea ( 954/754 )
33309 Laud Lakes ( 954/754 )
33311 Laud Lakes ( 954/754 )
33313 Laud Lakes ( 954/754 )
33319 Laud Lakes ( 954/754 )
33330 Laud Lakes ( 954/754 )
33319 Lauder Hill ( 954/754 )
33321 Lauder Hill ( 954/754 )
33062 Lauderdale by the Sea ( 954/754 )
33308 Lauderdale by the Sea ( 954/754 )
33312 Lauderdale Isles ( 954/754 )
33309 Lauderdale Lakes ( 954/754 )
33311 Lauderdale Lakes ( 954/754 )
33313 Lauderdale Lakes ( 954/754 )
33319 Lauderdale Lakes ( 954/754 )
33311 Lauderhill ( 954/754 )
33313 Lauderhill ( 954/754 )
33319 Lauderhill ( 954/754 )
33321 Lauderhill ( 954/754 )
33351 Lauderhill ( 954/754 )
34272 Laurel ( 941 )
32567 Laurel Hill ( 850 )
32058 Lawtey ( 904 )
33001 Layton ( 305/786 )
33305 Lazy Lake ( 954/754 )
33313 Ldhl ( 954/754 )
33319 Ldhl ( 954/754 )
33321 Ldhl ( 954/754 )
34460 Lecanto ( 352 )
34461 Lecanto ( 352 )
32059 Lee ( 850 )
33973 Leehigh ( 239 )
33974 Leehigh ( 239 )
33976 Leehigh ( 239 )
33973 Leehigh Acres ( 239 )
33974 Leehigh Acres ( 239 )
33976 Leehigh Acres ( 239 )
34748 Leesburg ( 352 )
34749 Leesburg ( 352 )
34788 Leesburg ( 352 )
34789 Leesburg ( 352 )
33936 Lehigh ( 239 )
33971 Lehigh ( 239 )
33972 Lehigh ( 239 )
33973 Lehigh ( 239 )
33974 Lehigh ( 239 )
33976 Lehigh ( 239 )
33936 Lehigh Acres ( 239 )
33970 Lehigh Acres ( 239 )
33971 Lehigh Acres ( 239 )
33972 Lehigh Acres ( 239 )
33973 Lehigh Acres ( 239 )
33974 Lehigh Acres ( 239 )
33976 Lehigh Acres ( 239 )
33030 Leisure City ( 305/786 )
33033 Leisure City ( 305/786 )
33064 Lghthse Point ( 954/754 )
33074 Lghthse Point ( 954/754 )
33064 Lighthouse Point ( 954/754 )
33074 Lighthouse Point ( 954/754 )
33547 Lithia ( 813 )
33042 Little Torch Key ( 305/786 )
32060 Live Oak ( 386 )
32064 Live Oak ( 386 )
32337 Lloyd ( 850 )
32662 Lochloosa ( 352 )
32810 Lockhart ( 407/321/689 )
34228 Long Boat Key ( 941 )
33001 Long Key ( 305/786 )
34228 Longboat Key ( 941 )
32750 Longwood ( 407/321/689 )
32752 Longwood ( 407/321/689 )
32779 Longwood ( 407/321/689 )
32791 Longwood ( 407/321/689 )
33857 Lorida ( 863 )
33858 Loughman ( 863 )
32663 Lowell ( 352 )
33036 Lower Matecumbe Key ( 305/786 )
33042 Lower Sugarloaf Key ( 305/786 )
33470 Loxahatchee ( 561 )
33470 Loxahatchee Groves ( 561 )
33255 Ludlam ( 305/786 )
32061 Lulu ( 386 )
33548 Lutz ( 813 )
33549 Lutz ( 813 )
33558 Lutz ( 813 )
33559 Lutz ( 813 )
33042 Lwr Sugarloaf ( 305/786 )
33470 Lxhtchee Groves ( 561 )
32444 Lynn Haven ( 850 )
32063 Macclenny ( 904 )
33608 Macdill AFB ( 813 )
33708 Madeira Beach ( 727 )
33738 Madeira Beach ( 727 )
32340 Madison ( 850 )
32341 Madison ( 850 )
34771 Magnolia Sq ( 407/321/689 )
34771 Magnolia Square ( 407/321/689 )
32751 Maitland ( 407/321/689 )
32794 Maitland ( 407/321/689 )
32950 Malabar ( 321 )
32445 Malone ( 850 )
33462 Manalapan ( 561 )
34260 Manasota ( 941 )
33550 Mango ( 813 )
33407 Mangonia Park ( 561 )
33050 Marathon ( 305/786 )
33051 Marathon ( 305/786 )
33052 Marathon ( 305/786 )
33050 Marathon Shores ( 305/786 )
33052 Marathon Shores ( 305/786 )
33050 Marathon Shrs ( 305/786 )
33052 Marathon Shrs ( 305/786 )
34145 Marco Island ( 239 )
34146 Marco Island ( 239 )
33063 Margate ( 954/754 )
33065 Margate ( 954/754 )
33068 Margate ( 954/754 )
33073 Margate ( 954/754 )
33076 Margate ( 954/754 )
33093 Margate ( 954/754 )
32446 Marianna ( 850 )
32447 Marianna ( 850 )
32448 Marianna ( 850 )
34471 Maricamp ( 352 )
34472 Maricamp ( 352 )
34480 Maricamp ( 352 )
32569 Mary Esther ( 850 )
34604 Masaryktown ( 352 )
34753 Mascotte ( 352 )
33036 Matecumbe Key ( 305/786 )
33993 Matlacha ( 239 )
33991 Matlacha Isle ( 239 )
33991 Matlacha Isles ( 239 )
32234 Maxville ( 904 )
32066 Mayo ( 386 )
32227 Mayport ( 904 )
32228 Mayport ( 904 )
32233 Mayport ( 904 )
32228 Mayport Nav S ( 904 )
32228 Mayport Nav Station ( 904 )
32227 Mayport Naval Housing ( 904 )
32228 Mayport Naval Station ( 904 )
32227 Maypt Nav Hou ( 904 )
32062 Mc Alpin ( 386 )
32568 Mc David ( 850 )
32664 Mc Intosh ( 352 )
32062 McAlpin ( 386 )
32664 McIntosh ( 352 )
33166 Medley ( 305/786 )
33178 Medley ( 305/786 )
32901 Melbourne ( 321 )
32902 Melbourne ( 321 )
32903 Melbourne ( 321 )
32904 Melbourne ( 321 )
32905 Melbourne ( 321 )
32906 Melbourne ( 321 )
32907 Melbourne ( 321 )
32908 Melbourne ( 321 )
32909 Melbourne ( 321 )
32910 Melbourne ( 321 )
32911 Melbourne ( 321 )
32912 Melbourne ( 321 )
32919 Melbourne ( 321 )
32934 Melbourne ( 321 )
32935 Melbourne ( 321 )
32936 Melbourne ( 321 )
32937 Melbourne ( 321 )
32940 Melbourne ( 321 )
32941 Melbourne ( 321 )
32951 Melbourne ( 321 )
32951 Melbourne Bch ( 321 )
32951 Melbourne Beach ( 321 )
32904 Melbourne Village ( 321 )
32666 Melrose ( 352 )
33312 Melrose Vista ( 954/754 )
32952 Merritt Island ( 321 )
32953 Merritt Island ( 321 )
32954 Merritt Island ( 321 )
32410 Mexico Beach ( 850 )
32456 Mexico Beach ( 850 )
33162 Mia Shores ( 305/786 )
33162 Mia Shrs ( 305/786 )
33010 Miami ( 305/786 )
33011 Miami ( 305/786 )
33012 Miami ( 305/786 )
33013 Miami ( 305/786 )
33014 Miami ( 305/786 )
33015 Miami ( 305/786 )
33016 Miami ( 305/786 )
33017 Miami ( 305/786 )
33018 Miami ( 305/786 )
33054 Miami ( 305/786 )
33055 Miami ( 305/786 )
33056 Miami ( 305/786 )
33101 Miami ( 305/786 )
33102 Miami ( 305/786 )
33109 Miami ( 305/786 )
33111 Miami ( 305/786 )
33112 Miami ( 305/786 )
33114 Miami ( 305/786 )
33116 Miami ( 305/786 )
33119 Miami ( 305/786 )
33122 Miami ( 305/786 )
33124 Miami ( 305/786 )
33125 Miami ( 305/786 )
33126 Miami ( 305/786 )
33127 Miami ( 305/786 )
33128 Miami ( 305/786 )
33129 Miami ( 305/786 )
33130 Miami ( 305/786 )
33131 Miami ( 305/786 )
33132 Miami ( 305/786 )
33133 Miami ( 305/786 )
33134 Miami ( 305/786 )
33135 Miami ( 305/786 )
33136 Miami ( 305/786 )
33137 Miami ( 305/786 )
33138 Miami ( 305/786 )
33139 Miami ( 305/786 )
33140 Miami ( 305/786 )
33141 Miami ( 305/786 )
33142 Miami ( 305/786 )
33143 Miami ( 305/786 )
33144 Miami ( 305/786 )
33145 Miami ( 305/786 )
33146 Miami ( 305/786 )
33147 Miami ( 305/786 )
33149 Miami ( 305/786 )
33150 Miami ( 305/786 )
33151 Miami ( 305/786 )
33152 Miami ( 305/786 )
33153 Miami ( 305/786 )
33154 Miami ( 305/786 )
33155 Miami ( 305/786 )
33156 Miami ( 305/786 )
33157 Miami ( 305/786 )
33158 Miami ( 305/786 )
33159 Miami ( 305/786 )
33160 Miami ( 305/786 )
33161 Miami ( 305/786 )
33162 Miami ( 305/786 )
33163 Miami ( 305/786 )
33164 Miami ( 305/786 )
33165 Miami ( 305/786 )
33166 Miami ( 305/786 )
33167 Miami ( 305/786 )
33168 Miami ( 305/786 )
33169 Miami ( 305/786 )
33170 Miami ( 305/786 )
33172 Miami ( 305/786 )
33173 Miami ( 305/786 )
33174 Miami ( 305/786 )
33175 Miami ( 305/786 )
33176 Miami ( 305/786 )
33177 Miami ( 305/786 )
33178 Miami ( 305/786 )
33179 Miami ( 305/786 )
33180 Miami ( 305/786 )
33181 Miami ( 305/786 )
33182 Miami ( 305/786 )
33183 Miami ( 305/786 )
33184 Miami ( 305/786 )
33185 Miami ( 305/786 )
33186 Miami ( 305/786 )
33187 Miami ( 305/786 )
33188 Miami ( 305/786 )
33189 Miami ( 305/786 )
33190 Miami ( 305/786 )
33193 Miami ( 305/786 )
33194 Miami ( 305/786 )
33196 Miami ( 305/786 )
33197 Miami ( 305/786 )
33199 Miami ( 305/786 )
33222 Miami ( 305/786 )
33231 Miami ( 305/786 )
33233 Miami ( 305/786 )
33234 Miami ( 305/786 )
33238 Miami ( 305/786 )
33239 Miami ( 305/786 )
33242 Miami ( 305/786 )
33243 Miami ( 305/786 )
33245 Miami ( 305/786 )
33247 Miami ( 305/786 )
33255 Miami ( 305/786 )
33256 Miami ( 305/786 )
33257 Miami ( 305/786 )
33261 Miami ( 305/786 )
33265 Miami ( 305/786 )
33266 Miami ( 305/786 )
33269 Miami ( 305/786 )
33280 Miami ( 305/786 )
33283 Miami ( 305/786 )
33296 Miami ( 305/786 )
33299 Miami ( 305/786 )
33109 Miami Beach ( 305/786 )
33119 Miami Beach ( 305/786 )
33139 Miami Beach ( 305/786 )
33140 Miami Beach ( 305/786 )
33141 Miami Beach ( 305/786 )
33154 Miami Beach ( 305/786 )
33239 Miami Beach ( 305/786 )
33014 Miami Gardens ( 305/786 )
33015 Miami Gardens ( 305/786 )
33017 Miami Gardens ( 305/786 )
33054 Miami Gardens ( 305/786 )
33055 Miami Gardens ( 305/786 )
33056 Miami Gardens ( 305/786 )
33169 Miami Gardens ( 305/786 )
33179 Miami Gardens ( 305/786 )
33014 Miami Lakes ( 305/786 )
33015 Miami Lakes ( 305/786 )
33016 Miami Lakes ( 305/786 )
33018 Miami Lakes ( 305/786 )
33138 Miami Shores ( 305/786 )
33150 Miami Shores ( 305/786 )
33153 Miami Shores ( 305/786 )
33161 Miami Shores ( 305/786 )
33162 Miami Shores ( 305/786 )
33167 Miami Shores ( 305/786 )
33168 Miami Shores ( 305/786 )
33166 Miami Springs ( 305/786 )
33266 Miami Springs ( 305/786 )
32667 Micanopy ( 352 )
32976 Micco ( 321 )
32309 Miccosukee ( 850 )
32745 Mid Florida ( 407/321/689 )
32799 Mid Florida ( 407/321/689 )
33042 Mid Torch Key ( 305/786 )
33042 Middle Torch Key ( 305/786 )
32050 Middleburg ( 904 )
32068 Middleburg ( 904 )
32343 Midway ( 850 )
33166 Milam Dairy ( 305/786 )
32537 Milligan ( 850 )
32570 Milton ( 850 )
32571 Milton ( 850 )
32572 Milton ( 850 )
32583 Milton ( 850 )
32754 Mims ( 321 )
34715 Minneola ( 352 )
34755 Minneola ( 352 )
33023 Miramar ( 954/754 )
33025 Miramar ( 954/754 )
33027 Miramar ( 954/754 )
33028 Miramar ( 954/754 )
33029 Miramar ( 954/754 )
33083 Miramar ( 954/754 )
32550 Miramar Beach ( 850 )
33913 Miromar Lakes ( 239 )
33030 Modello ( 305/786 )
32577 Molino ( 850 )
32344 Monticello ( 850 )
32345 Monticello ( 850 )
34729 Montverde ( 407/321/689 )
34756 Montverde ( 407/321/689 )
33471 Moore Haven ( 863 )
33183 Morales Discount Pharmacy ( 305/786 )
32668 Morriston ( 352 )
32434 Mossy Head ( 850 )
32756 Mount Dora ( 352 )
32757 Mount Dora ( 352 )
32352 Mount Pleasant ( 850 )
32776 Mount Plymouth ( 352 )
33860 Mulberry ( 863 )
33040 Munson Island ( 305/786 )
33938 Murdock ( 941 )
34251 Myakka City ( 941 )
33856 Nalcrest ( 863 )
34101 Naples ( 239 )
34102 Naples ( 239 )
34103 Naples ( 239 )
34104 Naples ( 239 )
34105 Naples ( 239 )
34106 Naples ( 239 )
34107 Naples ( 239 )
34108 Naples ( 239 )
34109 Naples ( 239 )
34110 Naples ( 239 )
34112 Naples ( 239 )
34113 Naples ( 239 )
34114 Naples ( 239 )
34116 Naples ( 239 )
34117 Naples ( 239 )
34119 Naples ( 239 )
34120 Naples ( 239 )
33032 Naranja ( 305/786 )
33033 Naranja ( 305/786 )
33092 Naranja ( 305/786 )
32212 Nas Jacksonvle ( 904 )
32212 Nas Jax ( 904 )
33655 Nations Bank ( 813 )
33040 Naval Air Station Unit 2 ( 305/786 )
32566 Navarre ( 850 )
32266 Neptune Beach ( 904 )
32509 Netpmdsa Saufley Field ( 850 )
34652 New Port Richey ( 727 )
34653 New Port Richey ( 727 )
34654 New Port Richey ( 727 )
34655 New Port Richey ( 727 )
34656 New Port Richey ( 727 )
34652 New Prt Rchy ( 727 )
34653 New Prt Rchy ( 727 )
34654 New Prt Rchy ( 727 )
34655 New Prt Rchy ( 727 )
34656 New Prt Rchy ( 727 )
34652 New Pt Richey ( 727 )
34653 New Pt Richey ( 727 )
34654 New Pt Richey ( 727 )
34655 New Pt Richey ( 727 )
34656 New Pt Richey ( 727 )
32168 New Smyrna ( 386 )
32169 New Smyrna ( 386 )
32170 New Smyrna ( 386 )
32168 New Smyrna Beach ( 386 )
32169 New Smyrna Beach ( 386 )
32170 New Smyrna Beach ( 386 )
32669 Newberry ( 352 )
32578 Niceville ( 850 )
32588 Niceville ( 850 )
33863 Nichols ( 863 )
33161 Nmb ( 305/786 )
33180 Nmb ( 305/786 )
33181 Nmb ( 305/786 )
33280 Nmb ( 305/786 )
33903 No Fort Myers ( 239 )
33917 No Fort Myers ( 239 )
33918 No Fort Myers ( 239 )
33903 No Ft Myers ( 239 )
33917 No Ft Myers ( 239 )
33043 No Name Key ( 305/786 )
34286 No Port ( 941 )
34288 No Port ( 941 )
34289 No Port ( 941 )
34661 Nobleton ( 352 )
34268 Nocatee ( 863 )
34274 Nokomis ( 941 )
34275 Nokomis ( 941 )
32452 Noma ( 850 )
33141 Normandy ( 305/786 )
33141 Normandy Isle ( 305/786 )
32899 North A S A ( 321 )
33141 North Bay Village ( 305/786 )
33903 North Fort Myers ( 239 )
33917 North Fort Myers ( 239 )
33918 North Fort Myers ( 239 )
33903 North Ft Myers ( 239 )
33917 North Ft Myers ( 239 )
33918 North Ft Myers ( 239 )
33068 North Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33309 North Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33319 North Lauderdale ( 954/754 )
33161 North Miami ( 305/786 )
33162 North Miami ( 305/786 )
33167 North Miami ( 305/786 )
33168 North Miami ( 305/786 )
33169 North Miami ( 305/786 )
33181 North Miami ( 305/786 )
33261 North Miami ( 305/786 )
33160 North Miami Beach ( 305/786 )
33161 North Miami Beach ( 305/786 )
33162 North Miami Beach ( 305/786 )
33169 North Miami Beach ( 305/786 )
33179 North Miami Beach ( 305/786 )
33180 North Miami Beach ( 305/786 )
33181 North Miami Beach ( 305/786 )
33261 North Miami Beach ( 305/786 )
33403 North Palm Beach ( 561 )
33408 North Palm Beach ( 561 )
33410 North Palm Beach ( 561 )
34286 North Port ( 941 )
34287 North Port ( 941 )
34288 North Port ( 941 )
34289 North Port ( 941 )
34290 North Port ( 941 )
34291 North Port ( 941 )
33708 North Redington Beach ( 727 )
33708 North Redngtn Bch ( 727 )
34275 North Venice ( 941 )
33624 Northdale ( 813 )
33626 Northdale ( 813 )
34286 Northport ( 941 )
34288 Northport ( 941 )
34289 Northport ( 941 )
32511 NTT Corry Field ( 850 )
34652 NW Prt Rchy ( 727 )
32071 O Brien ( 386 )
32759 Oak Hill ( 386 )
34740 Oakland ( 407/321/689 )
34760 Oakland ( 407/321/689 )
34787 Oakland ( 407/321/689 )
33304 Oakland Park ( 954/754 )
33305 Oakland Park ( 954/754 )
33306 Oakland Park ( 954/754 )
33307 Oakland Park ( 954/754 )
33308 Oakland Park ( 954/754 )
33309 Oakland Park ( 954/754 )
33310 Oakland Park ( 954/754 )
33311 Oakland Park ( 954/754 )
33334 Oakland Park ( 954/754 )
34470 Ocala ( 352 )
34471 Ocala ( 352 )
34472 Ocala ( 352 )
34473 Ocala ( 352 )
34474 Ocala ( 352 )
34475 Ocala ( 352 )
34476 Ocala ( 352 )
34477 Ocala ( 352 )
34478 Ocala ( 352 )
34479 Ocala ( 352 )
34480 Ocala ( 352 )
34481 Ocala ( 352 )
34482 Ocala ( 352 )
34483 Ocala ( 352 )
33037 Ocean Reef Club ( 305/786 )
33435 Ocean Ridge ( 561 )
32346 Ochlockonee ( 850 )
32346 Ochlockonee Bay ( 850 )
34141 Ochopee ( 239 )
32179 Ocklawaha ( 352 )
32183 Ocklawaha ( 352 )
34761 Ocoee ( 407/321/689 )
33556 Odessa ( 813 )
33163 Ojus ( 305/786 )
33180 Ojus ( 305/786 )
34762 Okahumpka ( 352 )
32548 Okaloosa Island ( 850 )
34972 Okeechobee ( 863 )
34973 Okeechobee ( 863 )
34974 Okeechobee ( 863 )
32179 Oklawaha ( 352 )
32680 Old Town ( 352 )
34677 Oldsmar ( 813 )
32072 Olustee ( 386 )
33165 Olympia Heights ( 305/786 )
33174 Olympia Heights ( 305/786 )
33175 Olympia Heights ( 305/786 )
33184 Olympia Heights ( 305/786 )
33185 Olympia Heights ( 305/786 )
33265 Olympia Heights ( 305/786 )
33165 Olympia Hgts ( 305/786 )
33175 Olympia Hgts ( 305/786 )
33185 Olympia Hgts ( 305/786 )
33265 Olympia Hgts ( 305/786 )
33865 Ona ( 863 )
33394 One Financial Plaza ( 954/754 )
34264 Oneco ( 941 )
33014 Opa Locka ( 305/786 )
33054 Opa Locka ( 305/786 )
33055 Opa Locka ( 305/786 )
33056 Opa Locka ( 305/786 )
32763 Orange City ( 407/321/689 )
32774 Orange City ( 407/321/689 )
32681 Orange Lake ( 352 )
32003 Orange Park ( 904 )
32006 Orange Park ( 904 )
32065 Orange Park ( 904 )
32067 Orange Park ( 904 )
32073 Orange Park ( 904 )
32182 Orange Springs ( 352 )
32963 Orchid ( 772 )
32801 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32802 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32803 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32804 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32805 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32806 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32807 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32808 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32809 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32810 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32811 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32812 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32814 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32815 Orlando ( 321 )
32816 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32817 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32818 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32819 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32820 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32821 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32822 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32824 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32825 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32826 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32827 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32828 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32829 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32830 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32831 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32832 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32833 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32834 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32835 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32836 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32837 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32839 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32853 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32854 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32855 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32856 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32857 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32858 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32859 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32860 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32861 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32862 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32867 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32868 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32869 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32872 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32877 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32878 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32885 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32886 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32887 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32891 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32896 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32897 Orlando ( 407/321/689 )
32899 Orlando ( 321 )
32811 Orlo Vista ( 407/321/689 )
32173 Ormond Beach ( 386 )
32174 Ormond Beach ( 386 )
32175 Ormond Beach ( 386 )
32176 Ormond Beach ( 386 )
34229 Osprey ( 941 )
32764 Osteen ( 407/321/689 )
32683 Otter Creek ( 352 )
32456 Overstreet ( 850 )
32762 Oviedo ( 407/321/689 )
32765 Oviedo ( 407/321/689 )
32766 Oviedo ( 407/321/689 )
34484 Oxford ( 352 )
34660 Ozona ( 727 )
32401 P C Beach ( 850 )
32407 P C Beach ( 850 )
32408 P C Beach ( 850 )
32413 P C Beach ( 850 )
32417 P C Beach ( 850 )
33326 P E Chevron Cs ( 954/754 )
32571 Pace ( 850 )
33476 Pahokee ( 561 )
32767 Paisley ( 352 )
32177 Palatka ( 386 )
32178 Palatka ( 386 )
32905 Palm Bay ( 321 )
32906 Palm Bay ( 321 )
32907 Palm Bay ( 321 )
32908 Palm Bay ( 321 )
32909 Palm Bay ( 321 )
32910 Palm Bay ( 321 )
32911 Palm Bay ( 321 )
33403 Palm Bch Gdns ( 561 )
33408 Palm Bch Gdns ( 561 )
33410 Palm Bch Gdns ( 561 )
33412 Palm Bch Gdns ( 561 )
33418 Palm Bch Gdns ( 561 )
33420 Palm Bch Gdns ( 561 )
33404 Palm Bch Shrs ( 561 )
33480 Palm Beach ( 561 )
33403 Palm Beach Gardens ( 561 )
33408 Palm Beach Gardens ( 561 )
33410 Palm Beach Gardens ( 561 )
33412 Palm Beach Gardens ( 561 )
33418 Palm Beach Gardens ( 561 )
33420 Palm Beach Gardens ( 561 )
33404 Palm Beach Shores ( 561 )
34990 Palm City ( 772 )
34991 Palm City ( 772 )
32135 Palm Coast ( 386 )
32137 Palm Coast ( 386 )
32142 Palm Coast ( 386 )
32143 Palm Coast ( 386 )
32164 Palm Coast ( 386 )
34682 Palm Harbor ( 727 )
34683 Palm Harbor ( 727 )
34684 Palm Harbor ( 727 )
34685 Palm Harbor ( 727 )
32940 Palm Shores ( 321 )
33406 Palm Springs ( 561 )
33461 Palm Springs ( 561 )
33015 Palm Springs North ( 305/786 )
33629 Palma Ceia ( 813 )
33690 Palma Ceia ( 813 )
34209 Palma Sola ( 941 )
34280 Palma Sola ( 941 )
33944 Palmdale ( 863 )
34220 Palmetto ( 941 )
34221 Palmetto ( 941 )
33157 Palmetto Bay ( 305/786 )
33158 Palmetto Bay ( 305/786 )
33176 Palmetto Bay ( 305/786 )
32346 Panacea ( 850 )
32401 Panama City ( 850 )
32402 Panama City ( 850 )
32403 Panama City ( 850 )
32404 Panama City ( 850 )
32405 Panama City ( 850 )
32406 Panama City ( 850 )
32407 Panama City ( 850 )
32408 Panama City ( 850 )
32409 Panama City ( 850 )
32411 Panama City ( 850 )
32412 Panama City ( 850 )
32413 Panama City ( 850 )
32417 Panama City ( 850 )
32461 Panama City ( 850 )
32401 Panama City Beach ( 850 )
32407 Panama City Beach ( 850 )
32408 Panama City Beach ( 850 )
32413 Panama City Beach ( 850 )
32417 Panama City Beach ( 850 )
33067 Parkland ( 954/754 )
33073 Parkland ( 954/754 )
33076 Parkland ( 954/754 )
34219 Parrish ( 941 )
33707 Pasadena ( 727 )
33706 Pass A Grille ( 727 )
33741 Pass A Grille ( 727 )
33706 Pass A Grille Beach ( 727 )
33741 Pass A Grille Beach ( 727 )
32925 Patrick AFB ( 321 )
32925 Patrick Air Force Base ( 321 )
32538 Paxton ( 850 )
32590 Pcola ( 850 )
33026 Pembroke Lakes ( 954/754 )
33009 Pembroke Park ( 954/754 )
33021 Pembroke Park ( 954/754 )
33023 Pembroke Park ( 954/754 )
33019 Pembroke Pines ( 954/754 )
33020 Pembroke Pines ( 954/754 )
33022 Pembroke Pines ( 954/754 )
33023 Pembroke Pines ( 954/754 )
33024 Pembroke Pines ( 954/754 )
33025 Pembroke Pines ( 954/754 )
33026 Pembroke Pines ( 954/754 )
33027 Pembroke Pines ( 954/754 )
33028 Pembroke Pines ( 954/754 )
33029 Pembroke Pines ( 954/754 )
33081 Pembroke Pines ( 954/754 )
33082 Pembroke Pines ( 954/754 )
33083 Pembroke Pines ( 954/754 )
33084 Pembroke Pines ( 954/754 )
33330 Pembroke Pines ( 954/754 )
33331 Pembroke Pines ( 954/754 )
33332 Pembroke Pines ( 954/754 )
33023 Pembroke Pnes ( 954/754 )
33024 Pembroke Pnes ( 954/754 )
33025 Pembroke Pnes ( 954/754 )
33026 Pembroke Pnes ( 954/754 )
33027 Pembroke Pnes ( 954/754 )
33028 Pembroke Pnes ( 954/754 )
33029 Pembroke Pnes ( 954/754 )
33082 Pembroke Pnes ( 954/754 )
33084 Pembroke Pnes ( 954/754 )
32079 Penney Farms ( 904 )
32501 Pensacola ( 850 )
32502 Pensacola ( 850 )
32503 Pensacola ( 850 )
32504 Pensacola ( 850 )
32505 Pensacola ( 850 )
32506 Pensacola ( 850 )
32507 Pensacola ( 850 )
32508 Pensacola ( 850 )
32509 Pensacola ( 850 )
32511 Pensacola ( 850 )
32512 Pensacola ( 850 )
32513 Pensacola ( 850 )
32514 Pensacola ( 850 )
32516 Pensacola ( 850 )
32520 Pensacola ( 850 )
32521 Pensacola ( 850 )
32522 Pensacola ( 850 )
32523 Pensacola ( 850 )
32524 Pensacola ( 850 )
32526 Pensacola ( 850 )
32534 Pensacola ( 850 )
32559 Pensacola ( 850 )
32590 Pensacola ( 850 )
32591 Pensacola ( 850 )
32592 Pensacola ( 850 )
32561 Pensacola Bch ( 850 )
32561 Pensacola Beach ( 850 )
32512 Pensacola Naval Hospital ( 850 )
32507 Perdido Key ( 850 )
33157 Perrine ( 305/786 )
33170 Perrine ( 305/786 )
33177 Perrine ( 305/786 )
33187 Perrine ( 305/786 )
33189 Perrine ( 305/786 )
33190 Perrine ( 305/786 )
33257 Perrine ( 305/786 )
32347 Perry ( 850 )
32348 Perry ( 850 )
32180 Pierson ( 386 )
32809 Pine Castle ( 407/321/689 )
32839 Pine Castle ( 407/321/689 )
32808 Pine Hills ( 407/321/689 )
32818 Pine Hills ( 407/321/689 )
34465 Pine Ridge ( 352 )
34278 Pinecraft ( 941 )
33156 Pinecrest ( 305/786 )
33256 Pinecrest ( 305/786 )
33156 Pinecrest Postal Store ( 305/786 )
33945 Pineland ( 239 )
33780 Pinellas Park ( 727 )
33781 Pinellas Park ( 727 )
33782 Pinellas Park ( 727 )
32350 Pinetta ( 850 )
33946 Placida ( 941 )
33947 Placida ( 941 )
33563 Plant City ( 813 )
33564 Plant City ( 813 )
33565 Plant City ( 813 )
33566 Plant City ( 813 )
33567 Plant City ( 813 )
33311 Plantation ( 954/754 )
33312 Plantation ( 954/754 )
33313 Plantation ( 954/754 )
33317 Plantation ( 954/754 )
33318 Plantation ( 954/754 )
33322 Plantation ( 954/754 )
33323 Plantation ( 954/754 )
33324 Plantation ( 954/754 )
33325 Plantation ( 954/754 )
33326 Plantation ( 954/754 )
33327 Plantation ( 954/754 )
33337 Plantation ( 954/754 )
33388 Plantation ( 954/754 )
33036 Plantation Key ( 305/786 )
33070 Plantation Key ( 305/786 )
32768 Plymouth ( 407/321/689 )
32590 PNS ( 850 )
32082 Pnte Vdra Bch ( 904 )
34758 Poinciana ( 407/321/689 )
34759 Poinciana ( 863 )
32920 Point Canaveral ( 321 )
33948 Point Charlotte ( 941 )
33949 Point Charlotte ( 941 )
33952 Point Charlotte ( 941 )
33953 Point Charlotte ( 941 )
33954 Point Charlotte ( 941 )
33980 Point Charlotte ( 941 )
33981 Point Charlotte ( 941 )
33983 Point Charlotte ( 941 )
32123 Point Orange ( 386 )
32127 Point Orange ( 386 )
32128 Point Orange ( 386 )
32129 Point Orange ( 386 )
32459 Point Washington ( 850 )
33868 Polk City ( 863 )
32181 Pomona Park ( 386 )
33060 Pompano Beach ( 954/754 )
33061 Pompano Beach ( 954/754 )
33062 Pompano Beach ( 954/754 )
33063 Pompano Beach ( 954/754 )
33064 Pompano Beach ( 954/754 )
33065 Pompano Beach ( 954/754 )
33066 Pompano Beach ( 954/754 )
33067 Pompano Beach ( 954/754 )
33068 Pompano Beach ( 954/754 )
33069 Pompano Beach ( 954/754 )
33071 Pompano Beach ( 954/754 )
33072 Pompano Beach ( 954/754 )
33073 Pompano Beach ( 954/754 )
33074 Pompano Beach ( 954/754 )
33075 Pompano Beach ( 954/754 )
33076 Pompano Beach ( 954/754 )
33077 Pompano Beach ( 954/754 )
33093 Pompano Beach ( 954/754 )
33097 Pompano Beach ( 954/754 )
32455 Ponce de Leon ( 850 )
32127 Ponce Inlet ( 386 )
32004 Ponte Vedra ( 904 )
32081 Ponte Vedra ( 904 )
32082 Ponte Vedra ( 904 )
32004 Ponte Vedra Beach ( 904 )
32081 Ponte Vedra Beach ( 904 )
32082 Ponte Vedra Beach ( 904 )
32920 Port Canaveral ( 321 )
33948 Port Charlotte ( 941 )
33949 Port Charlotte ( 941 )
33952 Port Charlotte ( 941 )
33953 Port Charlotte ( 941 )
33954 Port Charlotte ( 941 )
33980 Port Charlotte ( 941 )
33981 Port Charlotte ( 941 )
33983 Port Charlotte ( 941 )
33316 Port Everglades ( 954/754 )
32123 Port Orange ( 386 )
32127 Port Orange ( 386 )
32128 Port Orange ( 386 )
32129 Port Orange ( 386 )
34667 Port Richey ( 727 )
34668 Port Richey ( 727 )
34669 Port Richey ( 727 )
34673 Port Richey ( 727 )
34674 Port Richey ( 727 )
32410 Port Saint Joe ( 850 )
32456 Port Saint Joe ( 850 )
32457 Port Saint Joe ( 850 )
32927 Port Saint John ( 321 )
34952 Port Saint Lucie ( 772 )
34953 Port Saint Lucie ( 772 )
34983 Port Saint Lucie ( 772 )
34984 Port Saint Lucie ( 772 )
34985 Port Saint Lucie ( 772 )
34986 Port Saint Lucie ( 772 )
34987 Port Saint Lucie ( 772 )
34988 Port Saint Lucie ( 772 )
34992 Port Salerno ( 772 )
32456 Port St Joe ( 850 )
32457 Port St Joe ( 850 )
32927 Port St John ( 321 )
34952 Port St Lucie ( 772 )
34953 Port St Lucie ( 772 )
34983 Port St Lucie ( 772 )
34984 Port St Lucie ( 772 )
34985 Port St Lucie ( 772 )
34986 Port St Lucie ( 772 )
34987 Port St Lucie ( 772 )
34988 Port St Lucie ( 772 )
33032 Princeton ( 305/786 )
33092 Princeton ( 305/786 )
33950 Punta Gorda ( 941 )
33951 Punta Gorda ( 941 )
33955 Punta Gorda ( 941 )
33980 Punta Gorda ( 941 )
33982 Punta Gorda ( 941 )
33983 Punta Gorda ( 941 )
32185 Putnam Hall ( 352 )
33170 Quail Heights ( 305/786 )
33177 Quail Heights ( 305/786 )
33187 Quail Heights ( 305/786 )
33189 Quail Heights ( 305/786 )
33190 Quail Heights ( 305/786 )
33197 Quail Heights ( 305/786 )
33257 Quail Heights ( 305/786 )
32351 Quincy ( 850 )
32352 Quincy ( 850 )
32353 Quincy ( 850 )
33040 Raccoon Key ( 305/786 )
32026 Raiford ( 386 )
32083 Raiford ( 386 )
33042 Ramrod Key ( 305/786 )
33597 Rdg Mnr Est ( 352 )
32455 Red Bay ( 850 )
32686 Reddick ( 352 )
33708 Redingtn Shor ( 727 )
33708 Redington Bch ( 727 )
33708 Redington Beach ( 727 )
33708 Redington Shores ( 727 )
33031 Redland ( 305/786 )
33032 Redland ( 305/786 )
34747 Reunion ( 407/321/689 )
33525 Richland ( 352 )
33156 Richmond Heights ( 305/786 )
33158 Richmond Heights ( 305/786 )
33176 Richmond Heights ( 305/786 )
33523 Ridge Manor ( 352 )
33597 Ridge Manor Estates ( 352 )
33867 River Ranch ( 863 )
33568 Riverview ( 813 )
33569 Riverview ( 813 )
33578 Riverview ( 352 )
33579 Riverview ( 352 )
33403 Riviera Beach ( 561 )
33404 Riviera Beach ( 561 )
33407 Riviera Beach ( 561 )
33410 Riviera Beach ( 561 )
33418 Riviera Beach ( 561 )
33419 Riviera Beach ( 561 )
32955 Rockledge ( 321 )
32956 Rockledge ( 321 )
34602 Rolling Acres ( 352 )
32957 Roseland ( 772 )
32413 Rosemary Bch ( 850 )
32461 Rosemary Bch ( 850 )
32413 Rosemary Beach ( 850 )
32461 Rosemary Beach ( 850 )
33947 Rotonda West ( 941 )
33411 Royal Palm Beach ( 561 )
33412 Royal Palm Beach ( 561 )
33414 Royal Palm Beach ( 561 )
33421 Royal Palm Beach ( 561 )
33411 Royal Plm Bch ( 561 )
33412 Royal Plm Bch ( 561 )
33414 Royal Plm Bch ( 561 )
33421 Royal Plm Bch ( 561 )
33411 Royal Plm Beach ( 561 )
33414 Royal Plm Beach ( 561 )
34221 Rubonia ( 941 )
33570 Ruskin ( 813 )
33571 Ruskin ( 813 )
33572 Ruskin ( 813 )
33573 Ruskin ( 813 )
33575 Ruskin ( 813 )
33411 Ryl Palm Bch ( 561 )
33412 Ryl Palm Bch ( 561 )
33421 Ryl Palm Bch ( 561 )
33359 Sabal Palm Postal Store ( 954/754 )
34695 Safety Harbor ( 727 )
32080 Saint Augustine ( 904 )
32084 Saint Augustine ( 904 )
32085 Saint Augustine ( 904 )
32086 Saint Augustine ( 904 )
32092 Saint Augustine ( 904 )
32095 Saint Augustine ( 904 )
34769 Saint Cloud ( 407/321/689 )
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BRASS

S AND T

S & T

T AND S

S & T

Aquifer – An underground formation or group of formations in rocks and soils containing enough ground water to supply wells and springs.

Backflow – A reverse flow in water pipes. A difference in water pressures pulls water from sources other than the well into a home’s water system, for example waste water or flood water. Also called back siphonage.

Bacteria – Microscopic living organisms; some are helpful and some are harmful. “Good” bacteria aid in pollution control by consuming and breaking down organic matter and other pollutants in septic systems, sewage, oil spills, and soils. However, “bad” bacteria in soil, water, or air can cause human, animal, and plant health problems.

Confining layer – Layer of rock that keeps the ground water in the aquifer below it under pressure. This pressure creates springs and helps supply water to wells.

Contaminant – Anything found in water (including microorganisms, minerals, chemicals, radionuclides, etc.) which may be harmful to human health.

Cross-connection – Any actual or potential connection between a drinking (potable) water supply and a source of contamination.

Heavy metals – Metallic elements with high atomic weights, such as, mercury chromium cadmium, arsenic, and lead. Even at low levels these metals can damage living things. They do not break down or decompose and tend to build up in plants, animals, and people causing health concerns.

Leaching field – The entire area where many materials (including contaminants) dissolve in rain, snowmelt, or irrigation water and are filtered through the soil.

Microorganisms – Also called microbes. Very tiny life forms such as bacteria, algae, diatoms, parasites, plankton, and fungi. Some can cause disease.

Nitrates – Plant nutrient and fertilizer that enters water supply sources from fertilizers, animal feed lots, manures, sewage, septic systems, industrial wastewaters, sanitary landfills, and garbage dumps.

Protozoa – One-celled animals, usually microscopic, that are larger and more complex than bacteria. May cause disease.

Radon – A colorless, odorless naturally occurring radioactive gas formed by the breakdown or decay of radium or uranium in soil or rocks like granite. Radon is fairly soluble in water, so well water may contain radon.

Radionuclides – Distinct radioactive particles coming from both natural sources and human activities. Can be very long lasting as soil or water pollutants.

Recharge area – The land area through or over which rainwater and other surface water soaks through the earth to replenish an aquifer, lake, stream, river, or marsh. Also called a watershed.

Saturated zone – The underground area below the water table where all open spaces are filled with water. A well placed in this zone will be able to pump ground water.

Unsaturated zone – The area above the ground water level or water table where soil pores are not fully saturated, although some water may be present.

Viruses – Submicroscopic disease-causing organisms that grow only inside living cells.

Watershed – The land area that catches rain or snow and drains it into a local water body (such as a river, stream, lake, marsh, or aquifer) and affects its flow, and the local water level. Also called a recharge area.

Getting Information about your Tap Water

Q: How can I find out if my tap water is safe to drink?
A: Because of water’s different sources and the different ways in which water is treated, the taste and quality of drinking water varies from place to place. Over 90 percent of water systems meet EPA’s standards for tap water quality.

The best source of specific information about your drinking water is your water supplier. Water suppliers that serve the same people year-round are required to send their customers an annual water quality report (sometimes called a consumer confidence report).

Contact your water supplier to get a copy or see if your report is posted on-line.

For additional local drinking water information, visit the following EPA Web site:

Local drinking water – provides links to state and local sources of water quality information.

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Q. How will I know if my water isn’t safe to drink?
A: Your water supplier must notify you by newspaper, mail, radio, TV, or hand-delivery if your water doesn’t meet EPA or state standards or if there is a waterborne disease emergency. The notice will describe any precautions you need to take, such as boiling your water.

Follow the advice of your water supplier if you ever receive such a notice. The most common drinking water emergency is contamination by disease-causing germs. Boiling your water for one minute will kill these germs. You can also use common household bleach or iodine to disinfect your drinking water at home in an emergency, such as a flood.

See EPA’s emergency disinfection fact sheet for specific directions on how to disinfect your drinking water in an emergency.

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Q. What’s this new drinking water report that I’ve heard about?
A. Water suppliers must deliver to their customers annual drinking water quality reports (or consumer confidence reports). These reports will tell consumers what contaminants have been detected in their drinking water, how these detection levels compare to drinking water standards, and where their water comes from.

The reports must be provided annually before July 1, and, in most cases, are mailed directly to customers’ homes.

Contact your water supplier to get a copy of your report, or see if your report is posted on-line.

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Q. How can I get my water tested?
A: If your home is served by a water system, get a copy of your annual water quality report before you test your water. This report will tell you what contaminants have been found in your drinking water and at what level.

After you’ve read this report, you may wish to test for specific contaminants (such as lead) that can vary from house to house, or any other contaminant you’re concerned about.

EPA does not test individual homes, and cannot recommend specific laboratories to test your drinking water. States certify water testing laboratories.

You may call your state certification officer to get a list of certified laboratories in your state. Depending on how many contaminants you test for, a water test can cost from $15 to hundreds of dollars.

For more information, download: Home Water Testing PDF (2 pp, 563 K) (ALL ABOUT PDF FILES)

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Drinking Water Standards and Contaminants

Q. What is a drinking water standard?
A. Under the authority of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), EPA sets standards for approximately 90 contaminants in drinking water.For each of these contaminants, EPA sets a legal limit, called a maximum contaminant level, or requires a certain treatment. Water suppliers may not provide water that doesn’t meet these standards.

Water that meets these standards is safe to drink, although people with severely compromised immune systems and children may have special needs.

For a more detailed description, read about how standards are set.

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Q. I don’t like the taste/smell/appearance of my tap water. What’s wrong with it?
A. Even when water meets EPA’s standards, you may still object to its taste, smell, or appearance. EPA sets secondary standards based on these aesthetic characteristics (not health effects) which water systems and states can choose to adopt.

Common complaints about water aesthetics include:

temporary cloudiness (typically caused by air bubbles), or
chlorine taste (which can be improved by letting the water stand exposed to the air).

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Q. I’m worried about a specific drinking water contaminant [lead, Cryptosporidium, nitrate, radon, etc.]. What should I know?
Drinking water, including bottled water, may reasonably be expected to contain at least small amounts of some contaminants. As long as they occur below EPA’s standards, they don’t pose a significant threat to health, although people with severely compromised immune systems and children may have special needs.

For more information about a specific contaminant, see EPA’s fact sheets on drinking water contaminants, which have more detailed information on every contaminant EPA currently sets standards for and those EPA is considering setting standards for.

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Special Health Needs of People With Severely Compromised Immune Systems

Q. What if I have a severely compromised immune system?
A. Some people may be more vulnerable to contaminants in drinking water than the general population. People with severely compromised immune systems, such as people with cancer undergoing chemotherapy, people who have undergone organ transplants, people with HIV/AIDS or other immune system disorders, some elderly, and infants can be particularly at risk from infections. These people should seek advice about drinking water from their health care providers.

EPA/Centers for Disease Control guidelines on appropriate means to lessen the risk of infection from Cryptosporidium and other microbial contaminants offer more detailed advice.

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Private Drinking Water Wells

Q. What should I do if I have my own drinking water well?
A: If you have your own well, you are responsible for making sure that your water is safe to drink. Private wells should be tested annually for nitrate and coliform bacteria to detect contamination problems early. Test more frequently and for other contaminants, such as radon or pesticides, if you suspect a problem. Check with your local health department and local public water systems that use ground water to learn more about well water quality in your area and what contaminants you are more likely to find.

More information is available on EPA’s private drinking water wells Web site.

You can help protect your water supply by carefully managing activities near the water source, to find out how visit EPA’s Source Water Protection Web site.

The organization Farm*A*Syst/Home*A*Syst provides information to help farmers and rural residents assess pollution risks and develop management plans to meet their unique needs.

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Bottled Water

Q. What about bottled water?
A: Bottled water is not necessarily safer than your tap water. EPA sets standards for tap water provided by public water systems; the Food and Drug Administration sets bottled water standards based on EPA’s tap water standards.

Bottled water and tap water are both safe to drink if they meet these standards, although people with severely compromised immune systems and children may have special needs.

Some bottled water is treated more than tap water, while some is treated less or not treated at all. Bottled water costs much more than tap water on a per gallon basis. Bottled water is valuable in emergency situations (such as floods and earthquakes), and high quality bottled water may be a desirable option for people with weakened immune systems.

Consumers who choose to purchase bottled water should carefully read its label to understand what they are buying, whether it is a better taste, or a certain method of treatment.

For more information, download the booklet: Bottled Water Basics PDF (7 pp, 2 M) (ALL ABOUT PDF FILES)

More information on bottled water is available from the International Bottled Water Association, which represents most US bottlers.

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Home Water Treatment Units

Q. What about home water treatment units?
A: Most people do not need to treat their drinking water at home to make it safe. A home water treatment unit can improve water’s taste, or provide an extra margin of safety for people more vulnerable to the effects of waterborne illness:

people with severely compromised immune systems
and children may have special needs.

Consumers who choose to purchase a home water treatment unit should carefully read its product information to understand what they are buying, whether it is a better taste or a certain method of treatment. Be certain to follow the manufacturer’s instructions for operation and maintenance, especially changing the filter on a regular basis.

For more information download the booklet: Filtration Facts PDF (7 pp, 1 M) (ALL ABOUT PDF FILES)

EPA neither endorses nor recommends specific home water treatment units. EPA does register units that make germ-killing claims.

Contact David Liem at liem.david@epa.gov or 703-305-1284 in EPA’s Office of Pesticides or visit this Web site http://www.epa.gov/oppad001/ for more information.

No single unit takes out every kind of drinking water contaminant; you must decide which type best meets your needs.

For help in picking a unit, contact one of the following independent non-profit organizations:

NSF International (800-673-8010),
the Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (877-854-3577),
and the Water Quality Association (630-505-0160).

Both NSF International and Underwriters Laboratories Inc. test and certify home water treatment units. The Water Quality Association classifies units according to the contaminants they remove as well as listing units that have earned their “Gold Seal” approval. Water treatment units certified by these organizations will indicate certification on their packaging or labels.

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Drinking Water Sources and Protection

Q. Where does my drinking water come from?
A. Drinking water can come from either ground water sources (via wells) or surface water sources (such as rivers, lakes, and streams). Nationally, most water systems use a ground water source (80%), but most people (66%) are served by a water system that uses surface water. This is because large metropolitan areas tend to rely on surface water, whereas small and rural areas tend to rely on ground water. In addition, 10-20% of people have their own private well for drinking water. To find the source of your drinking water, check your annual water quality report or call your water supplier. You can get more information about specific watersheds by visiting EPA’s Watershed Information Network. You can also learn more about EPA, state, and other efforts to protect sources of drinking water.

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Q. How can I help protect my drinking water?
A: Drinking water protection is a community-wide effort, beginning with protecting the source of your water, and including education, funding, and conservation. Many communities already have established source water protection programs. Call your local water supplier to find out if your community participates. You can also support efforts to improve operation, maintenance, and construction of water treatment processes. States are now engaged in source water assessments, to work with communities to identify local sources of contamination. You can contact your state source water protection program to find out how to get involved in this process, or join a local group in Adopting a Watershed.

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For more information

Q. How many public water systems are there in the United States?
A. There are almost 170,000 public water systems in the United States. Visit EPA’s page of water system facts and figures for more information.

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Q: Where can I get more information?
A: For more information on your drinking water you can:

contact your water supplier, or
use our new question and answer database.

You can also contact:

your state drinking water program;
call EPA’s Safe Drinking Water Hotline at 1-800-426-4791;
explore the rest of the Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water’s web site, or
order publications from EPA on various topics from source water protection to home well use.

EPA has also prepared a citizen’s guide to drinking water called Water on Tap: What You Need To Know.

Current Drinking Water Regulations

Under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), EPA sets legal limits on the levels of certain contaminants in drinking water. The legal limits reflect both the level that protects human health and the level that water systems can achieve using the best available technology. Besides prescribing these legal limits, EPA rules set water-testing schedules and methods that water systems must follow. The rules also list acceptable techniques for treating contaminated water. SDWA gives individual states the opportunity to set and enforce their own drinking water standards if the standards are at least as strong as EPA’s national standards. Most states and territories directly oversee the water systems within their borders.

Where can I find information about chemical contaminants that EPA regulates?
Where can I find information about how EPA regulates the treatment of microbial contaminants in drinking water sources?
Where can I find information about unregulated contaminants?
More information about contaminants of interest
Compliance Guidance

Where can I find information about chemical contaminants that EPA regulates?

Arsenic in Drinking Water
Chemical Phase Rules
Lead and Copper Rule
Contaminants Basic Information
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations
National Secondary Drinking Water Regulations
Radionuclides in Drinking Water

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Where can I find information about how EPA regulates the treatment of microbial contaminants in drinking water sources?

Microbials & Disinfection Byproducts
Filter Backwash Recycling Rule
Ground Water Rule
Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule
Long Term 1 Surface Water Treatment Rule
Long Term 2 Surface Water Treatment Rule
Stage 1 Disinfectant/Disinfection Byproducts Rule
Stage 2 Disinfectant/Disinfection Byproducts Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Total Coliform Rule

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Where can I find information about unregulated contaminants?

EPA uses the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring (UCM) program to collect data for contaminants suspected to be present in drinking water, but that do not have health-based standards set under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). Every five years EPA reviews the list of contaminants, largely based on the Contaminant Candidate List

EPA’s Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Program
Drinking Water Contaminant Candidate Lists & Regulatory Determinations

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More information about contaminants of interest:

MTBE (methyl-t-butyl ether)
Perchlorate
Radon
Sulfate

List of Contaminants & their MCLs

Microorganisms
Disinfectants
Disinfection Byproducts
Inorganic Chemicals
Organic Chemicals
Radionuclides

Microorganisms

Contaminant

MCLG1
(mg/L)2

MCL or TT1
(mg/L)2

Potential Health Effects from Long-Term Exposure Above the MCL (unless specified as short-term)

Sources of Contaminant in Drinking Water
Cryptosporidium (pdf file) zero TT 3 Gastrointestinal illness (e.g., diarrhea, vomiting, cramps) Human and animal fecal waste
Giardia lamblia zero TT3 Gastrointestinal illness (e.g., diarrhea, vomiting, cramps) Human and animal fecal waste
Heterotrophic plate count n/a TT3 HPC has no health effects; it is an analytic method used to measure the variety of bacteria that are common in water. The lower the concentration of bacteria in drinking water, the better maintained the water system is. HPC measures a range of bacteria that are naturally present in the environment
Legionella zero TT3 Legionnaire’s Disease, a type of pneumonia Found naturally in water; multiplies in heating systems
Total Coliforms (including fecal coliform and E. Coli) zero 5.0%4 Not a health threat in itself; it is used to indicate whether other potentially harmful bacteria may be present 5 Coliforms are naturally present in the environment; as well as feces; fecal coliforms and E. coli only come from human and animal fecal waste.
Turbidity n/a TT3 Turbidity is a measure of the cloudiness of water. It is used to indicate water quality and filtration effectiveness (e.g., whether disease-causing organisms are present). Higher turbidity levels are often associated with higher levels of disease-causing microorganisms such as viruses, parasites and some bacteria. These organisms can cause symptoms such as nausea, cramps, diarrhea, and associated headaches. Soil runoff
Viruses (enteric) zero TT3 Gastrointestinal illness (e.g., diarrhea, vomiting, cramps) Human and animal fecal waste

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Disinfection Byproducts

Contaminant

MCLG1
(mg/L)2

MCL or TT1
(mg/L)2

Potential Health Effects from Ingestion of Water

Sources of Contaminant in Drinking Water
Bromate zero 0.010 Increased risk of cancer Byproduct of drinking water disinfection
Chlorite 0.8 1.0 Anemia; infants & young children: nervous system effects Byproduct of drinking water disinfection
Haloacetic acids (HAA5) n/a6 0.060 Increased risk of cancer Byproduct of drinking water disinfection
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs) –> –> 0.080 Liver, kidney or central nervous system problems; increased risk of cancer Byproduct of drinking water disinfection

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Disinfectants

Contaminant

MRDLG1
(mg/L)2

MRDL1
(mg/L)2

Potential Health Effects from Ingestion of Water

Sources of Contaminant in Drinking Water
Chloramines (as Cl2) MRDLG=41 MRDL=4.01 Eye/nose irritation; stomach discomfort, anemia Water additive used to control microbes
Chlorine (as Cl2) MRDLG=41 MRDL=4.01 Eye/nose irritation; stomach discomfort Water additive used to control microbes
Chlorine dioxide (as ClO2) MRDLG=0.81 MRDL=0.81 Anemia; infants & young children: nervous system effects Water additive used to control microbes

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Inorganic Chemicals

Contaminant

MCLG1
(mg/L)2

MCL or TT1
(mg/L)2

Potential Health Effects from Ingestion of Water

Sources of Contaminant in Drinking Water
Antimony 0.006 0.006 Increase in blood cholesterol; decrease in blood sugar Discharge from petroleum refineries; fire retardants; ceramics; electronics; solder
Arsenic 07 0.010
as of 01/23/06 Skin damage or problems with circulatory systems, and may have increased risk of getting cancer Erosion of natural deposits; runoff from orchards, runoff from glass & electronicsproduction wastes
Asbestos
(fiber >10 micrometers) 7 million fibers per liter 7 MFL Increased risk of developing benign intestinal polyps Decay of asbestos cement in water mains; erosion of natural deposits
Barium 2 2 Increase in blood pressure Discharge of drilling wastes; discharge from metal refineries; erosion of natural deposits
Beryllium 0.004 0.004 Intestinal lesions Discharge from metal refineries and coal-burning factories; discharge from electrical, aerospace, and defense industries
Cadmium 0.005 0.005 Kidney damage Corrosion of galvanized pipes; erosion of natural deposits; discharge from metal refineries; runoff from waste batteries and paints
Chromium (total) 0.1 0.1 Allergic dermatitis Discharge from steel and pulp mills; erosion of natural deposits
Copper 1.3 TT8;
Action Level=1.3 Short term exposure: Gastrointestinal distressLong term exposure: Liver or kidney damage

People with Wilson’s Disease should consult their personal doctor if the amount of copper in their water exceeds the action level
Corrosion of household plumbing systems; erosion of natural deposits
Cyanide (as free cyanide) 0.2 0.2 Nerve damage or thyroid problems Discharge from steel/metal factories; discharge from plastic and fertilizer factories
Fluoride 4.0 4.0 Bone disease (pain and tenderness of the bones); Children may get mottled teeth Water additive which promotes strong teeth; erosion of natural deposits; discharge from fertilizer and aluminum factories
Lead zero TT8;
Action Level=0.015 Infants and children: Delays in physical or mental development; children could show slight deficits in attention span and learning abilitiesAdults: Kidney problems; high blood pressure Corrosion of household plumbing systems; erosion of natural deposits
Mercury (inorganic) 0.002 0.002 Kidney damage Erosion of natural deposits; discharge from refineries and factories; runoff from landfills and croplands
Nitrate (measured as Nitrogen) 10 10 Infants below the age of six months who drink water containing nitrate in excess of the MCL could become seriously ill and, if untreated, may die. Symptoms include shortness of breath and blue-baby syndrome. Runoff from fertilizer use; leaching from septic tanks, sewage; erosion of natural deposits
Nitrite (measured as Nitrogen) 1 1 Infants below the age of six months who drink water containing nitrite in excess of the MCL could become seriously ill and, if untreated, may die. Symptoms include shortness of breath and blue-baby syndrome. Runoff from fertilizer use; leaching from septic tanks, sewage; erosion of natural deposits
Selenium 0.05 0.05 Hair or fingernail loss; numbness in fingers or toes; circulatory problems Discharge from petroleum refineries; erosion of natural deposits; discharge from mines
Thallium 0.0005 0.002 Hair loss; changes in blood; kidney, intestine, or liver problems Leaching from ore-processing sites; discharge from electronics, glass, and drug factories

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Organic Chemicals

Contaminant

MCLG1
(mg/L)2

MCL or TT1
(mg/L)2

Potential Health Effects from Ingestion of Water

Sources of Contaminant in Drinking Water
Acrylamide zero TT9 Nervous system or blood problems; increased risk of cancer Added to water during sewage/wastewater treatment
Alachlor zero 0.002 Eye, liver, kidney or spleen problems; anemia; increased risk of cancer Runoff from herbicide used on row crops
Atrazine 0.003 0.003 Cardiovascular system or reproductive problems Runoff from herbicide used on row crops
Benzene zero 0.005 Anemia; decrease in blood platelets; increased risk of cancer Discharge from factories; leaching from gas storage tanks and landfills
Benzo(a)pyrene (PAHs) zero 0.0002 Reproductive difficulties; increased risk of cancer Leaching from linings of water storage tanks and distribution lines
Carbofuran 0.04 0.04 Problems with blood, nervous system, or reproductive system Leaching of soil fumigant used on rice and alfalfa
Carbon
tetrachloride zero 0.005 Liver problems; increased risk of cancer Discharge from chemical plants and other industrial activities
Chlordane zero 0.002 Liver or nervous system problems; increased risk of cancer Residue of banned termiticide
Chlorobenzene 0.1 0.1 Liver or kidney problems Discharge from chemical and agricultural chemical factories
2,4-D 0.07 0.07 Kidney, liver, or adrenal gland problems Runoff from herbicide used on row crops
Dalapon 0.2 0.2 Minor kidney changes Runoff from herbicide used on rights of way
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) zero 0.0002 Reproductive difficulties; increased risk of cancer Runoff/leaching from soil fumigant used on soybeans, cotton, pineapples, and orchards
o-Dichlorobenzene 0.6 0.6 Liver, kidney, or circulatory system problems Discharge from industrial chemical factories
p-Dichlorobenzene 0.075 0.075 Anemia; liver, kidney or spleen damage; changes in blood Discharge from industrial chemical factories
1,2-Dichloroethane zero 0.005 Increased risk of cancer Discharge from industrial chemical factories
1,1-Dichloroethylene 0.007 0.007 Liver problems Discharge from industrial chemical factories
cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene 0.07 0.07 Liver problems Discharge from industrial chemical factories
trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene 0.1 0.1 Liver problems Discharge from industrial chemical factories
Dichloromethane zero 0.005 Liver problems; increased risk of cancer Discharge from drug and chemical factories
1,2-Dichloropropane zero 0.005 Increased risk of cancer Discharge from industrial chemical factories
Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate 0.4 0.4 Weight loss, liver problems, or possible reproductive difficulties. Discharge from chemical factories
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate zero 0.006 Reproductive difficulties; liver problems; increased risk of cancer Discharge from rubber and chemical factories
Dinoseb 0.007 0.007 Reproductive difficulties Runoff from herbicide used on soybeans and vegetables
Dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) zero 0.00000003 Reproductive difficulties; increased risk of cancer Emissions from waste incineration and other combustion; discharge from chemical factories
Diquat 0.02 0.02 Cataracts Runoff from herbicide use
Endothall 0.1 0.1 Stomach and intestinal problems Runoff from herbicide use
Endrin 0.002 0.002 Liver problems Residue of banned insecticide
Epichlorohydrin zero TT9 Increased cancer risk, and over a long period of time, stomach problems Discharge from industrial chemical factories; an impurity of some water treatment chemicals
Ethylbenzene 0.7 0.7 Liver or kidneys problems Discharge from petroleum refineries
Ethylene dibromide zero 0.00005 Problems with liver, stomach, reproductive system, or kidneys; increased risk of cancer Discharge from petroleum refineries
Glyphosate 0.7 0.7 Kidney problems; reproductive difficulties Runoff from herbicide use
Heptachlor zero 0.0004 Liver damage; increased risk of cancer Residue of banned termiticide
Heptachlor epoxide zero 0.0002 Liver damage; increased risk of cancer Breakdown of heptachlor
Hexachlorobenzene zero 0.001 Liver or kidney problems; reproductive difficulties; increased risk of cancer Discharge from metal refineries and agricultural chemical factories
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene 0.05 0.05 Kidney or stomach problems Discharge from chemical factories
Lindane 0.0002 0.0002 Liver or kidney problems Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on cattle, lumber, gardens
Methoxychlor 0.04 0.04 Reproductive difficulties Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on fruits, vegetables, alfalfa, livestock
Oxamyl (Vydate) 0.2 0.2 Slight nervous system effects Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on apples, potatoes, and tomatoes
Polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs) zero 0.0005 Skin changes; thymus gland problems; immune deficiencies; reproductive or nervous system difficulties; increased risk of cancer Runoff from landfills; discharge of waste chemicals
Pentachlorophenol zero 0.001 Liver or kidney problems; increased cancer risk Discharge from wood preserving factories
Picloram 0.5 0.5 Liver problems Herbicide runoff
Simazine 0.004 0.004 Problems with blood Herbicide runoff
Styrene 0.1 0.1 Liver, kidney, or circulatory system problems Discharge from rubber and plastic factories; leaching from landfills
Tetrachloroethylene zero 0.005 Liver problems; increased risk of cancer Discharge from factories and dry cleaners
Toluene 1 1 Nervous system, kidney, or liver problems Discharge from petroleum factories
Toxaphene zero 0.003 Kidney, liver, or thyroid problems; increased risk of cancer Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on cotton and cattle
2,4,5-TP (Silvex) 0.05 0.05 Liver problems Residue of banned herbicide
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 0.07 0.07 Changes in adrenal glands Discharge from textile finishing factories
1,1,1-Trichloroethane 0.20 0.2 Liver, nervous system, or circulatory problems Discharge from metal degreasing sites and other factories
1,1,2-Trichloroethane 0.003 0.005 Liver, kidney, or immune system problems Discharge from industrial chemical factories
Trichloroethylene zero 0.005 Liver problems; increased risk of cancer Discharge from metal degreasing sites and other factories
Vinyl chloride zero 0.002 Increased risk of cancer Leaching from PVC pipes; discharge from plastic factories
Xylenes (total) 10 10 Nervous system damage Discharge from petroleum factories; discharge from chemical factories

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Radionuclides

Contaminant

MCLG1
(mg/L)2

MCL or TT1
(mg/L)2

Potential Health Effects from Ingestion of Water

Sources of Contaminant in Drinking Water
Alpha particles none7
———-
zero 15 picocuries per Liter (pCi/L) Increased risk of cancer Erosion of natural deposits of certain minerals that are radioactive and may emit a form of radiation known as alpha radiation
Beta particles and photon emitters none7
———-
zero 4 millirems per year Increased risk of cancer Decay of natural and man-made deposits ofcertain minerals that are radioactive and may emit forms of radiation known as photons and beta radiation
Radium 226 and Radium 228 (combined) none7
———-
zero 5 pCi/L Increased risk of cancer Erosion of natural deposits
Uranium zero 30 ug/L
as of 12/08/03 Increased risk of cancer, kidney toxicity Erosion of natural deposits

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Notes

1 Definitions:
Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG) – The level of a contaminant in drinking water below which there is no known or expected risk to health. MCLGs allow for a margin of safety and are non-enforceable public health goals.
Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) – The highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water. MCLs are set as close to MCLGs as feasible using the best available treatment technology and taking cost into consideration. MCLs are enforceable standards.
Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level Goal (MRDLG) – The level of a drinking water disinfectant below which there is no known or expected risk to health. MRDLGs do not reflect the benefits of the use of disinfectants to control microbial contaminants.
Treatment Technique – A required process intended to reduce the level of a contaminant in drinking water.
Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level (MRDL) – The highest level of a disinfectant allowed in drinking water. There is convincing evidence that addition of a disinfectant is necessary for control of microbial contaminants.

2 Units are in milligrams per liter (mg/L) unless otherwise noted. Milligrams per liter are equivalent to parts per million.

3 EPA’s surface water treatment rules require systems using surface water or ground water under the direct influence of surface water to (1) disinfect their water, and (2) filter their water or meet criteria for avoiding filtration so that the following contaminants are controlled at the following levels:

Cryptosporidium: Unfiltered systems are required to include Cryptosporidium in their existing watershed control provisions.
Giardia lamblia: 99.9% removal/inactivation
Viruses: 99.99% removal/inactivation
Legionella: No limit, but EPA believes that if Giardia and viruses are removed/inactivated, according to the treatment techniques in the Surface Water Treatment Rule, Legionella will also be controlled.
Turbidity: For systems that use conventional or direct filtration, at not time can turbidity (cloudiness of water) go higher than 1 nephelolometric turbidity unit NTU), and samples for turbidity must be less than or equal to 0.3 NTU in at least 95 pervent of the samples in any month. Systems that use filtration other than the conventional or direct filtration must follow state limits, which must include turbidity at no time exceeding 5 NTU.
HPC: No more than 500 bacterial colonies per milliliter.
Long Term 1 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment: Surface water systems or (GWUDI) systems serving fewer than 10,000 people must comply with the applicable Long Term 1 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule provisions (e.g. turbidity standards, individual filter monitoring, Cryptosporidium removal requirements, updated watershed control requirements for unfiltered systems).
Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule This rule applies to all surface water systems or ground water systems under the direct influence of surface water. The rule targets additional Cryptosporidium treatment requirements for higher risk systems and includes provisions to reduce risks from uncovered finished water storage facilities and to ensure that the systems maintain microbial protection as they take steps to reduce the formation of disinfection byproducts.
Filter Backwash Recycling; The Filter Backwash Recycling Rule requires systems that recycle to return specific recycle flows through all processes of the system’s existing conventional or direct filtration system or at an alternate location approved by the state.

4 No more than 5.0% samples total coliform-positive in a month. (For water systems that collect fewer than 40 routine samples per month, no more than one sample can be total coliform-positive per month.) Every sample that has total coliform must be analyzed for either fecal coliforms or E. coli if two consecutive TC-positive samples, and one is also positive for E.coli fecal coliforms, system has an acute MCL violation.

5 Fecal coliform and E. coli are bacteria whose presence indicates that the water may be contaminated with human or animal wastes. Disease-causing microbes (pathogens) in these wastes can cause diarrhea, cramps, nausea, headaches, or other symptoms. These pathogens may pose a special health risk for infants, young children, and people with severely compromised immune systems.

6 Although there is no collective MCLG for this contaminant group, there are individual MCLGs for some of the individual contaminants:

Trihalomethanes: bromodichloromethane (zero); bromoform (zero); dibromochloromethane (0.06 mg/L): chloroform (0.07mg/L).
Haloacetic acids: dichloroacetic acid (zero); trichloroacetic acid (0.02 mg/L); monochloroacetic acid (0.07 mg/L). Bromoacetic acid and dibromoacetic acid are regulated with this group but have no MCLGs.

7 Lead and copper are regulated by a Treatment Technique that requires systems to control the corrosiveness of their water. If more than 10% percent of tap water samples exceed the action level, water systems must take additional steps. For copper, the action level is 1.3 mg/L, and for lead it is 0.015 mg/L.

8 Each water system must certify, in writing, to the state (using third-party or manufacturer’s certification) that when it uses acrylamide and epichlorohydrin are used to treat water, the combination (or product) of dose and monomer level does not exceed the levels specified, as follows:

Acrylamide = 0.05% dosed at 1 mg/L (or equivalent)
Epichlorohydrin = 0.01% dosed at 20 mg/L (or equivalent)

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National Secondary Drinking Water Regulations

National Secondary Drinking Water Regulations (NSDWRs or secondary standards) are non-enforceable guidelines regulating contaminants that may cause cosmetic effects (such as skin or tooth discoloration) or aesthetic effects (such as taste, odor, or color) in drinking water. EPA recommends secondary standards to water systems but does not require systems to comply. However, states may choose to adopt them as enforceable standards.

National Secondary Drinking Water Regulations – The complete regulations regarding these contaminants available from the Code of Federal Regulations Web Site.
For more information, read Secondary Drinking Water Regulations: Guidance for Nuisance Chemicals.

List of National Secondary Drinking Water Regulations

Contaminant

Secondary Standard
Aluminum 0.05 to 0.2 mg/L
Chloride 250 mg/L
Color 15 (color units)
Copper 1.0 mg/L
Corrosivity noncorrosive
Fluoride 2.0 mg/L
Foaming Agents 0.5 mg/L
Iron 0.3 mg/L
Manganese 0.05 mg/L
Odor 3 threshold odor number
pH 6.5-8.5
Silver 0.10 mg/L
Sulfate 250 mg/L
Total Dissolved Solids 500 mg/L
Zinc 5 mg/L

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Unregulated Contaminants

This list of contaminants which, at the time of publication, are not subject to any proposed or promulgated national primary drinking water regulation (NPDWR), are known or anticipated to occur in public water systems, and may require regulations under SDWA. For more information check out the list, or vist the Drinking Water Contaminant Candidate List (CCL) web site.

Drinking Water Contaminant Candidate List 2
Drinking Water Contaminant Candidate List (CCL) Web Site
Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Program (UCM)
Information on specific unregulated contaminants
MTBE (methyl-t-butyl ether) in drinking water

Public Water Systems

Drinking Water Links

A to Z Topics

About Our Office

Contact Us

Overview

A public water system (PWS) is a system for the provision to the public of water for human consumption through pipes or other constructed conveyances, if such system has at least fifteen service connections or regularly serves at least twenty-five individuals.

The public drinking water systems regulated by EPA, and delegated states and tribes, provide drinking water to 90 percent of Americans. These public drinking water systems, which may be publicly- or privately-owned, serve at least 25 people or 15 service connections for at least 60 days per year. Private, individual household wells, are not regulated by EPA. For more information on these wells visit our Private Drinking Water Wells site. Below we have listed some of the activities that EPA, states, and tribes undertake to regulate public water supplies.

Providing safe drinking water is a partnership that involves EPA, the states, tribes, water systems and their operators. To learn more about this important network of public health providers, you can select from this variety of information sources.
EPA/State/Tribal Implementation

Enforcement
Drinking Water State Revolving Fund
Grants to States, Territories, and Tribes
CUPSS
Compliance Guidance
Variances and Exemptions
Tribal Programs
Primacy

Water Systems/Operators

Small Systems and Capacity Development
Laboratories and Monitoring
Operator Certification
Capacity Development
Drinking Water Contaminants
Water Conservation

Resources

Emergency Information
Regulations 101
Drinking Water Academy
Local Drinking Water Information
Research
Information from other federal agencies
Community Water Supply Survey

National Drinking Water Advisory Council

EPA is committed to working with its stakeholders, the people for whom safe drinking water is an important aspect of daily and/or professional life. One of the formal means by which EPA works with its stakeholders is the National Drinking Water Advisory Council (NDWAC).

Charter Information
Fact Sheet

The Council, comprising members of the general public, state and local agencies, and private groups concerned with safe drinking water, advises the EPA Administrator on everything that the Agency does relating to drinking water.

NDWAC Full Council

NDWAC has working groups that make recommendations to the full Council, which in turn advise EPA on individual regulations, guidances, and policy matters.

These NDWAC working groups consist of approximately 20 members with a variety of viewpoints. All NDWAC working group meetings and full NDWAC meetings are open to the public.

Member List
Announcements
Federal Register Notice of National Drinking Water Advisory Council Meeting, July 21-23, 2010 | PDF Version (1 pp, 57K, About PDF)
National Drinking Water Advisory Council: Request for Nominations | PDF Version (1 pp, 57K, About PDF)
Meeting Summaries
Letters to the Administrator

2009

June 12, 2009 on Small Systems, Equitability, and Sustainability (PDF) (8 pp, 103K)
EPA Response (PDF) (1 pp, 61K)

2008

December 23, 2008 Comments on the Proposed Geologic Sequestration Rule (PDF) (4 pp, 183K )
December 18, 2008 on Sustainable Infrastructure (PDF) (2 pp, 92K)
November 26, 2008 on Research and Perchlorate (PDF) (2 pp, 99K)
November 7, 2008 Request for Extension on Perchlorate Regulatory Determination and EPA response (PDF) (2 pp, 53K)
EPA Response (PDF) (1 pg, 98K)
June 24, 2008 on Water Management and Climate Change (PDF) (2pp, 46K)
EPA Response (PDF) (2 pp, 133K)
June 24, 2008 on Research and the Contaminant Candidate List (PDF) (2 pp, 41K)
EPA Response (PDF) (2 pp, 158K)
January 16, 2008 on Communication, Geologic Sequestration and Performance Measures (PDF) (7 pp, 220K)

2006

September 26, 2006 on the Public Education Requirements of the Lead and Copper Rule (PDF) (3 pp, 155K)

2005

July 8, 2005 on the Water Security Working Group (PDF) (2 pp, 182K)

2004

June 28, 2004 on the Contaminant Candidate List Process Workgroup (PDF) (2 pp, 49K)

2003

August 1, 2003 transmitting Affordability Report (PDF) (1 pg, 16K)
July 23, 2003 on ASDWA State Capacity Report (PDF) (1 pg, 15K)
June 13, 2003 on draft EPA Strategic Plan (PDF) (1 pg, 17K)
January 8, 2003 on EPA activities related to hydrofracturing (PDF) (1 pg, 14K)
TCRDSAC page
Charter/Member List
Meeting Summaries
Membership PDF (3pp, 53K)
Meeting agendas and summaries
July 8-9, 2010
Federal Register Notice
Agenda PDF (2 pp, 83 K)
May 5-6, 2010
Meeting Summary PDF (8 pp, 174K)
Final Agenda PDF (2 pp, 154 K)
February 3-4, 2010
Meeting Summary PDF(12pp, 218 K)
Agenda PDF (2 pp, 144 K)
December 3-4, 2009
Meeting Summary PDF (4 pp, 107 K)
Agenda PDF (2 pp, 132 K)
November 23, 2009
Conference Call Summary PDF (2pp, 119 K)
Agenda PDF (1 pp, 99 K)
Background Documents
Annotated Bibliography PDF (23 pp, 360 K)
Research Synthesis PDF (7 pp, 132 K)
Request for nominations
July 8, 2009 Federal Register Notice
National Drinking Water Advisory Council Request for Climate Ready Water Utilities Working Group Nominations | PDF Version (2 pp, 51 K)
Membership
Meeting summaries
Membership
Meeting summaries
Membership
Meeting summaries
Membership
Meeting summaries
Membership
Meeting summaries
Membership
Meeting summaries
Membership
Meeting summaries
Membership
Meeting summaries
Membership
Meeting summaries
Membership
Meeting summaries
Membership
Meeting summaries
Membership
Meeting summaries
Member List
Meeting summaries
Membership
Meeting summaries
Member list
Meeting summaries
Member List
Meeting Summaries
Reports
Recommendations of the National Drinking Water Advisory Council to U.S. EPA on Its National Small Systems Affordability Criteria – July 2003 (1.6M PDF FILE)
Member List
Meeting Summaries
Reports
National Drinking Water Advisory Council Report on the CCL Classification Process to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency – May 19, 2004 (652 K PDF FILE, 188 pgs)
Member List
Project Plan for Meetings
(60 K PDF FILE, 6 pgs)
Meeting Summaries
Reports
Final NDWAC WSWG Report PDF (616 K, 110 pgs)
Member List
Meetings
Reports
Full Report PDF (40pp, 310 K)

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NDWAC Full Council (ALL ABOUT PDF FILES)

Working Groups

–>

Other Federal Advisory Committees

Total Coliform Rule Distribution System Advisory Committee (TCRDSAC)

Stage 2 Microbial/Disinfection Byproduct Federal Advisory Committee

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Current NDWAC Working Groups(ALL ABOUT PDF FILES)

NDWAC Climate Ready Water Utilities Working Group

On May 28, 2009, the NDWAC voted on and approved the formation of the Climate Ready Water Utilities Working Group.

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Past NDWAC Working Groups (ALL ABOUT PDF FILES)

Benefits

Consumer Confidence Report Rule

Drinking Water State Revolving Fund

Health Care Providers

Microbials/Disinfection Byproducts Rules

Occurrence & Contaminant Selection

Operator Certification

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Right-to-Know

Small Systems

Small Systems/Capacity development

Source Water

Underground Injection Control /Source Water

Arsenic Cost

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Contaminant Candidate List Regulatory Determinations & 6-year Review of Existing Regulations

Research

Small Systems Affordability Work Group

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Contaminant Candidate List (CCL) Classification Process Work Group

Water Security Working Group

Public Education Requirements of the Lead and Copper Rule
482 Answers Available

Page:

of 33

Answers Available

Summary

1
What is the cost of the water I use in my home?

2
What is EPA’s position on fluoridation of drinking water?

3
Red, brown, or orange stains from tap water

4
Will home water treatment units make tap water safe?

5
How do I get certified as an air conditioning or heating and cooling technician?

6
Mottling or discoloration of teeth

7
What can cause tap water to appear red, brown, or orange?

8
How will I know if my water isn’t safe to drink?

9
What should I do if I have my own drinking water well?

10
What can cause tap water to appear foamy?

11
Why did EPA promulgate a combined nitrate/nitrite MCL?

12
What can cause tap water to smell like bleach?

13
What is EPA’s current guidance regarding sodium in drinking water?

14
blue-green tap water

15
Standard rounding procedures or significant figure use conventionsUnited States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Water
(4606)
EPA 816-F-99-005
June 1999
www.epa.gov/safewater
Guidance for People with
Severely Weakened Immune Systems
(co-released with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1995)
INTRODUCTION
Cryptosporidium is a parasite commonly found in lakes and rivers, especially when the water is contaminated
with sewage and animal wastes. Cryptosporidium is very resistant to disinfection, and even a well-operated water
treatment system cannot ensure that drinking water will be completely free of this parasite. Current EPA drinking
water standards were not explicitly designed to assure the removal or killing of Cryptosporidium. Many large
water systems already voluntarily take actions for greater control of Cryptosporidium and other microbial
contaminants. By 2001, the water systems serving the majority of the United States population (those relying on a
surface water source, such as a river, and serving more than 10,000 people) must meet a new EPA standard that
strengthens control over microbial contaminants, including Cryptosporidium. EPA continues to conduct research
on microbial contaminants which will be used for determining priorities for the drinking water program,
including setting future standards and reevaluating existing standards.
Cryptosporidium has caused several large waterborne disease outbreaks of gastrointestinal illness, with
symptoms that include diarrhea, nausea, and/or stomach cramps. People with severely weakened immune systems
(that is, severely immunocompromised) are likely to have more severe and more persistent symptoms than
healthy individuals. Moreover, Cryptosporidium has been a contributing cause of death in some immunocompromised
people. Individuals who are severely immunocompromised may include those who are infected
with HIV/AIDS, cancer and transplant patients taking immunosuppressive drugs, and people born with a
weakened immune system.
BACKGROUND
Data are not adequate to determine how most people become infected. For example, we do not know the
importance of drinking water compared to other possible sources of Cryptosporidium, such as exposure to the
feces of infected persons or animals, sex involving contact with feces, eating contaminated food, or accidentally
swallowing contaminated recreational water.
Thus, in the absence of an outbreak, there are insufficient data to determine whether a severely immunocompromised
individual is at a noticeably greater risk than the general public from waterborne Cryptosporidiosis.
Even a low level of Cryptosporidium in water, however, may be of concern for the severely
immunocompromised, because the illness can be life-threatening. The risk of a severely immunocompromised
individual acquiring Cryptosporidiosis from drinking water in the absence of an outbreak is likely to vary from
city to city, depending on the quality of the city’s water source and the quality of water treatment. Current risk
data are not adequate to support a recommendation that severely immunocompromised persons in all U.S. cities
boil or avoid drinking tap water.
In the absence of a recognized outbreak, this guidance has been developed for severely immunocompromised
people who may wish to take extra precautions to minimize their risk of infection from waterborne
Cryptosporidiosis. To be effective, the guidance must be followed consistently for all water used for drinking or
for mixing beverages. During outbreaks of waterborne Cryptosporidiosis, studies have found that people who
used precautions only part of the time were just as likely to become ill as people who did not use them at all.
FURTHER INFORMATION
When an outbreak of waterborne Cryptosporidiosis is recognized and is determined to be on-going, officials of the
public-health department and/or the water utility will normally issue a “boil water” notice to protect both the general
public and the immunocompromised.
Current testing methods cannot determine with certainty whether Cryptosporidium detected in drinking water is alive or
whether it can infect humans. In addition, the current method often requires several days to get results, by which time the
tested water has already been used by the public and is no longer in the community’s water pipes.
Severely immunocompromised people may face a variety of health risks. Depending on their illness and circumstances, a
response by such individuals that focuses too specifically on one health risk may decrease the amount of attention that
should be given to other risks. Health care providers can assist severely immunocompromised persons in weighing these
risks and in applying this guidance.

Water table – The upper level of the saturated zone. This level varies greatly in different parts of the country and also varies seasonally depending on the amount of rain and snowmelt.

Well cap – A tight-fitting, vermin-proof seal designed to prevent contaminants from flowing down inside of the well casing.

Well casing – The tubular lining of a well. Also a steel or plastic pipe installed during construction to prevent collapse of the well hole.

Wellhead – The top of a structure built over a well. Term also used for the source of a well or stream.

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